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Amaphuzu okusebenza kwezindawo zamasiko asebenza ngokushesha kanye noma kungasebenzi ngokushesha, futhi udlulelweni lwesikhumba sokukhupha kwezindawo zokukhupha ayizange libe lichazwe yisikhumba sokukhupha esibonakalayo — kubonakala ngendlela yokufaka, ukusikriniya, nokuhlela kwesikhumba sokukhupha sonke. Amazwe amaningi alenziwe amashini amahle kodwa banquma ukuthuthukisa ngamandla ngokungabikho kwezindawo ezinconywa. Le ndlela yokuzilungisa iyafokusela kumaphuzu osebenzisa ngalokusho: ukudibanisa ubude bokufaka, ukudibanisa ukugcina, nokuplaniswa kokungasebenzi kahle. Isifundo sibonakalayo — ukuthuthukisa amasiko akhululekile ngokusebenzisa amashini ayisodwa ngaphandle kokuthuthukisa kwezinkambo eziningi.
Ukudibanisa Ubude Bokufaka Ukuvula Udlulelweni Lwesikhumba
Kungani Ukufaka Okhulu Kakhulu Kuyavula Isikhumba Sokukhupha
Amaphakathi okukhupha amathanga ayadibekwa ngokubhekana nezilinganiso zokugcina kwezinye izinto, akaze kubhekana nezilungileyo. Uma amathanga aphakathi kwezinye izinto ayizindawo zokufaka, amaphakathi ayabamba endleleni engaphansi kokuthi amathanga ayakhuphwa noma ayagcinwa, futhi umkhumbuzo wokusebenza kwemotora uyavuka ngokushesha, ngakho-ke ubude bokuphakama kwezinye izinto kuhlela phansi. Izindlela zokusebenza ziyisodwa: amathanga amakhulu kakhulu ayasebenza kwezinye izinto ngaphandle kokuthi ayakhuphwa, futhi ayasinda isibhakabhaka sokugcina ukuthi amathanga ayagcinwa. Umphakathi owenziwe ngokuvibratha onegrisly section uyakhiqiza amathanga amancane phambi kokuthi amathanga ayagcinwa kwezinye izinto, ukuhlinza amaphakathi futhi ukusinda isibhakabhaka sokugcina. Ukuchitha kwezinto nokulingana kwe-silica kwezinto kuyadikta kanjani amaphakathi ayakwenzela ukuthi amathanga ayagcinwa ngokuthi yiziphi izinto. Umthwalo wendawo owenziwe ngokubhekana nezilinganiso zokufaka kwezinto uyakwenza ukuthi ukubheka kwezinye izinto kuyakwenzelwa ngokuthi yiziphi izinto.
Ukubambisana Kwezilinganiso Zokufaka Nezilinganiso Zokugcina
Kwizindlela zokuphatha izinkampani zokuphatha amathambo, isibalo sokugcina — okungumlinganiselo wobukhulu bezinkampani zokuphatha kanye nezinkampani zokuhlanganisa — sishaya ukuthi kuzimele izinkampani zokuphatha ziyadinga ukuthi umkhakha wokuphatha uqonde. Ukuthintela inkampani eyodwa ngaphezulu kwesilinganiso sakho sokuqonda kusenza ukuthi kubuyiselwe futhi kuthakazelwa kwi-plati yeliner, okusiza ukuthi izinto zokuphatha zihlukunyeze kahle. Isibalo esihle sikhala ubukhulu bokugcina lwesinye kwi-4:1 kuya kwi-6:1 futhi sisebenzisa inkampani yezinkampani zokuphatha ezinye noma inkampani yokuphatha ngokushaya ukuthi iphinde ifane. Amathemba ase-EPC ase-Zhongyu Dingli ayasebenza ngokuphathelene nokuhlola ukuthi kungakhombeki na phambi kokugcina inombolo yezinkampani, ngoba ukugcina kakhulu ekhaya elinye kususa umkhakha wokuphatha wonke. Isilinganiso esincinci sokugcina kuzimele inkampani kusiza ukuthi kubhekwe kuzo zonke izinkinga zokuphatha.
Ukudluliswa Kwesilinganiso Ngokusebenzisa Ukuchaza Kwe-Screening
Ukukhetha Kwescreen Deck Nokulandela Umthwalo Wokuvula
Kwizikhali zokuphatha amathambo, isikrini esihlukumezayo sifuna indawo yakho yokuqondisa ukuthu kusenhliziyeni yokusebenza, ngoba ukugcina kuyinto okuthengiswa ngayo ngomkhakha. Inombolo yamaphepha, ifomu yemphakathi, nokuthambeka kubhekisa ukuthi amathambo ayaphela kuhle kwezindawo zokuthengiswa noma ayaphela kwezindawo zokubuyiselwa njengezinto ezingafanele. Isikrini sesihlukumezayo se-3YKQ esihlanganiswe nezinkampani zokuzima ezifanele sibeka ubude bephakathi lwezithakazelo libe liphakathi kwezinye, kuvumela ukuthi iziqephu zezithakazelo zibe zingafanele ngaphandle kokuthenga amandla okuphatha kabanzi. Abasebenzi kufanele bavaleke ukuthi imphakathi yekhambi ibe yisikhundla ngomnyaka, ngoba imeshi ethile iyathambeka ngokushesha futhi iyabonisa ubude bephakathi futhi iyahlula ubulungisa. Isikrini esihlukumezayo esihle sivumela ukuthi isikhundla sokutshaya sibe sengezansi ngokuthumela kuphela amathambo athile kusenhliziyeni, kuvumela ukuthi isikhundla sokutshaya sibe sengezansi.
Ukungavimbela Ukuthambeka Kwesikhundla Sokubuyiselwa
Ukugcina kwezinkundla ephakeme kunciphisa ukubuyiselwa kwemithombo, okuyi-"thief" eyingqayizivele yokuqondisa. Uma amathombo angaphansi kwesikrini ayisuselwa kabusha ekugcineni, isikhulu sokugcina sisebenzisa indawo yezinkundla kabili, okuvumela ukuthi amandla ahlukene ngamathoni aphakeme kanye nokufaka izinkundla ngokuphakeme. Ukubalansiswa kwezinkundla zokugcina ngokusebenzisa isikrini sokugcina nesistimu yokuhlanza esihle kusiza abasebenzi ukubona ukuthi umkhosi wokugcina ubuyela phambili. Ukuzimela ukuthi umkhosi wokubuyiselwa ungaphansi kwama-20 percent kuyasiza ukuthi amandla we-motor nezindlela zokusebenza zibe khona emaphakameni njengoba kusiza ukuthinteka kwezinqakamba zokulungisa.
Ukunciphisa Ukungasebenzi Ngokwenza Iplani Yokususa
Ukuplanisa Izinqakamba Zokugcina Nokujabula Isikrini Sokugcina
Kwizikhuluma zokugcina kwezindawo zokugcina izinkampani, izinsuku zokungagcina ziyizinsuku eziningi kakhulu. Ukugcina kwezincwadi zokugcina nezinhlobo zokugcina kuzoba kuchangeka isimo sokugcina, futhi ukugcina kwencwadi kuyabeka ubukhulu bekuphakama phansi ngaphansi kwezinye izinsuku ngaphambi kokugcina kabusha. Isiqondiso sokugcina sekufaka ubude ngokulingana nokubhalwa kwezinto ezingafakelwa kusobala ukuthi kufakwa izinto ezingafakelwa ngemva kokugcina kahle, kodwa kufakwa ngemva kokugcina kahle. Ukugcina izinto ezingafakelwa ezindaweni zokugcina kanye nokuhlanganisa ukufakwa kwezinto ezingafakelwa ngokusebenzisa iziphumo sokugcina kuyasiza ukuthi kubhekwe ukuthi kufakwa izinto ezingafakelwa ngokushesha emva kokuthi kubonakale ukuthi kugcina. Ukubheka ukuthi ikhambu yezinkampani iyahlukana kanye nokubheka ukuthi ikhambu yezinkampani iyahlukana kuyisibonelo esifanele sokubheka ngokulingana, ngoba ikhambu eyahlukene iyathatha izinto kanye nokuthi kufanele kugcina ngokushesha.
Ukugcina Kwenzima Ngokuplanwa Noma Ukugcina Ngokushesha
Ukusebenzisa indlela yokulungisa okungapheli ngokuphambuka kwezindawo zokusebenza iyathatha isibhakabhaka esingapheli kodwa isebenza ngokuphela umzuzu wokusebenza. Ukuthinteka kokugcina okuplanwile kuyabambisela ukuguqula amalini, ukubheka amabelt, nokubheka ukukhokha kwamafutha kuwindow eyodwa yokuqiniseka, futhi kuyasekelwa kumazwi ka-OSHA ne-ANSI malunga nokugcinwa komkhakha wemashini ukuze kube nomlando wokufinyelela ngokuphelele. Izinsiza za-NFPA malunga nemithambo yamafutha ziyadingeka lapha kukhona ukuthi amafutha ayezinkhulu, ngoba amafutha okuphambuka kuyadinga ukuzinikela ngokuphelele ekukhokheni. Isikhathi sokubuyela imali yekhalenda yokuqiniseka kuyabuyelwa ngokuphela ngokuphela kwesilinganiso esisodwa, okuhlinzeka umsebenzi nothembekiso lwabantu abasebenza.
Amaphenyo atholakala ngokwempilo kusuka kumxholo wamagraniti owenzelwe ngendlela yokubambisa
Umhlaba wokubegu ne-ukuphanya kwemisebenzi
Lokhu kubhekisa indlela yokuqala yokusebenzisa amagranite okwakhiwa ngokwezindawo eTimor-Leste, apho indlela yokuqala yokusebenzisa amagranite engeziwe ngokwezindawo yaseNtshona yasetyenziswa ukuzimela indlela yokuqala yokukhanya okungafanele. Indlela yokuqala yokukhanya yayisisekelo esingaphansi kwesikhathi eside, isikhathi esincane sokusebenza, nokuthi kufuneka kusuke kancane. Ingxenye yendlela yokuqala yokukhanya yayisisekelo sesilika esingaphansi kwesikhathi eside, okuyisibonelo sokuthi umsebenzi wakho ushaya kancane.
Indlela Yokwenza Nokuthi Kuyaphakanyiswa Ngokwemithombo
Isilungiso esisetyenziswe ngumsebenzi wokubhala phambi kokusebenza, umdlalo wokubhala ngamaphakethi, nokuhlanganiswa kwezindawo zokusebenza ngaphandle kwesikhumba, nokubhala kwezindawo zokulungisa ukuthenga nokufunda, okuthunyelwa ngokusebenzisa isikhumbu sokulungisa ubukhulu se-ISO 9001. Isiphumo esiyakwazi ukubhalwa: isikhathi sokufaka siphela ngokuphelele ngeminyaka yezinkulungwane ezingama-50, futhi isikhathi sokusebenza siphela ngeminyaka yezinkulungwane ezingama-40 kulokho okwenziwa ngokuzenzakalelayo, okusiza indawo yokuproducisa ukufika kumkhakha wokuproducisa ngokushesha kakhulu. Ngokusebenzisa ukulungisa kahle ukuthenga kwezinto ezithengisiwe, nokulungisa ukuthenga kwezinto zokuthenga, le ndawo iyasebenza ngokuphelele ekuthengeni kwezintfo zokuthenga kwezinkulungwane ezingama-50 kuze kuma-500 TPH. Lokhu kubonisa ukuthi iziphumo zokuproducisa ziyaphaqa kakhulu ngokubhala kwezindawo nokulungisa kulokho okwenziwa ngumthwalo wokuthenga.
Ukuphakamisa ukuphatha kungafana ngenkani ukuthenga amashini amakhulu, kodwa ngaphezu kwalokho kukuthi ukusebenzisa isikhombisa esisodwa ngokufanayo. Ukubambisana kwesilinganisi sesithelo sokubeka kusindisa isikhumbuzo sokugqibela, ukulawula ukuchaza kwezinto zokubeka kuyaphakamisa isilinganisi sezinto zokuthengiswa, futhi ukulawula ngokuplaneni ukuthatha izikhathi ezilandelwayo kuyagcina izikhathi ezingavunyelwanga ukuze zibe yizinto ezinkulu ngamahora. Kumaqondweni okuthanda ukuthenga isikhombisa esisha, ukubhalwa kwezindawo nokuhlola kwezindlela zokusebenza kuyabonisa inkululeko ekhona kabusha ngaphambi kokuthengiselwa kwezinto ezinconywa. Ukusebenzisa isikhombisa sokugqibela kuyisimo sokusebenza kuqala futhi ukukhetha amashini kuyisimo sesibili — isimo sokusebenza kuyoba yinto eyayiphakamisa ukuphatha kakhulu.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa
Umbuzo
Yisiphi isilinganisi sesithelo sokubeka esindisa ukuphatha kusikhombisa sokugqibela?
Impendulo: Ukufaka okukhulu kunezindawo zokufaka kusuka emuva kwezindawo zokufaka kubangela ukuthi izinkambo zihluphe kanye nokuhlasela iziton ngohora. Khangelani ukuthi ukufaka kwenzeke ngaphezulu kwezindawo zokufaka kahle futhi usebenzisa isikrini esisikhona esihlakazela ukuthi isikrini sifakwe kulezi zindawo. Ukubhalwa kwezindawo zokufaka kuyabonisa ukuthi yini inkulumo yezindawo zokufaka. Ukulawula ukufaka kuyindlela eyinkulu yokuthintana ngokwemali, ngoba kuyilinda isikhumba sokugcina futhi kuyisivumelano sokugcina isilinganiso sokugcina ngaphandle kokuthenga izinto ezintsha.
Umbuzo
Isikrini esihlakazela sithintana njani ngokwesilinganiso sokugcina?
Impendulo: Isikrini esihlakazela ngezindawo eziningi sibiza izinto ngamaphuzu amancane, ekhanda isilinganiso sokugcina esihle. Ukusebenzisa i-aperture ephakade nezindlela zokuhlakaza kuzokuvalela izinto ezincane ezinakho ukuthi zihlakaze kakhulu. Ukugcina kwezindawo zokugcina kuyidinga ukuthi isikrini siboneke ngokuphelele ukuthi isikhumba sokugcina sisebenza ngokuphelele ngokwesilinganiso sokugcina ngokwesikhathi esinye. Ukubheka umshini ngomnye wezinyanga kuyavikela ukuthi amaphuzu ayahlakazela ngokungafani kwezindawo zokuhlanganisa futhi kuyavikela ukuthi isilinganiso sokugcina sibhekwe ngokungafani.
Umbuzo
Kungani ukugcina okuplanekile kuyaphila ukugcina okuthinta ngokushesha?
Impendulo: Ukuphulwa kokushaya kuyabuyela indlela yokushaya engcwele ngokushaya kwesikhathi esingaphansi. Ukushaya kwesikhathi esihlukile kuyabuyela ukushaya kwesikhathi esihlukile, ukuchaza ukushaya kwesikhathi esihlukile, nokuchaza ukushaya kwesikhathi esihlukile. Ukuchaza ukushaya kwesikhathi esihlukile kuyabuyela ukushaya kwesikhathi esihlukile, ukuchaza ukushaya kwesikhathi esihlukile, nokuchaza ukushaya kwesikhathi esihlukile. Ukuchaza ukushaya kwesikhathi esihlukile kuyabuyela ukushaya kwesikhathi esihlukile, ukuchaza ukushaya kwesikhathi esihlukile, nokuchaza ukushaya kwesikhathi esihlukile. Ukuchaza ukushaya kwesikhathi esihlukile kuyabuyela ukushaya kwesikhathi esihlukile, ukuchaza ukushaya kwesikhathi esihlukile, nokuchaza ukushaya kwesikhathi esihlukile.
Umbuzo
Izisikhwama zokulawula zinakwenzela ukuthi izintoni ngamahora zizwe?
Impendulo: Yebo. Isistimu yesiqondiso esihle isifunda izikhala zemithambo yokuhambisa nezilungiselelo zokuphakama kwezikhala, emva koko ishusha isikhathi sokuhambisa nokubuka kwemithambo ukuze kugcinwe ukulingana kwezikhala. Ukuthi kufundwa ngokuthe ngaphambi kokuba kubhekwe phakade kuyinika indlela yokuvikela isikhumba sokukhupha ukuzwa kwezikhumba, okuyinika ukuthi kubhekwe ngokuphelele ukuthi kubhekwe ngokuphelele. Ukubuka kwezikhala ngendlela eyisibonelo esingaphandle kuyinika ukuthi kubhekwe ngokuphelele xa kubhekwe ngokuphelele ukuthi kubhekwe ngokuphelele. Nakuba akukho teknoloji eyishumayela ukuthi kubhekwe ngokuphelele ukuthi kubhekwe ngokuphelele, ukusiqondisa ngendlela yokudijithali kuyinika amathuba okuthola amasiko okuthola ngokuphelele.
Umbuzo
Izifundamenteli ziziphi eziyagcina ukusebenza kwezindawo zokukhishwa kwezinkambu nokuphatha izibhamu ngokuthula?
Impendulo: I-OSHA ne-ANSI zihlala ziyagcina ubudlelwane bokuthula kwabantu basebenzi nabaphathi bezinga lezinto ezikhishwa, futhi izindlela ze-NFPA ziyasebenza lapha kuphakanyiswa ukuthi izibhamu zinokubangela ukuphefumula okanye ukuthwasa kwebuhlungu, kodwa kufuneka kwenziwe ukuphatha kwezindawo ngokuzimisa. I-ISO 9001 iyasiza ukuthi kwenziwe ukuphatha kwezimali ngokuphelele kwezinqubo zokuproducwa. Ukulandela lezi ziqukethwe ziyabusa ukuthi kubhekwe kwezinkinga futhi iyakhula ukuthi indawo yasebenza ibe yisisekelo. Ukuchaza ukuthi kufuneka kwenziwe ukulandela lezi ziqukethwe lapha kufundwa kuyabusa abantu basebenzi nesikhathi sokusebenza.