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Kungani Isikhuliso Semathambo Yisigaba Esiphambili Esibalulekileyo Sesikhuliso
Isiqephu sekhulisa amathambo esihle sivumela ukuthi konke okwenziwa emuva kwalokho kusobala. Ukugcina ukuzimisa amathambo kusigaba sesikhuliso sibangela ukuthi ukuprosesa kwezinkimba, ukuphakamisa, nokulayisha kusobala kahle uma kuzimiselwa ukuthi izinkimba ziyatholakala kahle kusenathi. Uma akukho ulungiselelo lwesikhuliso sokuzimisa amathambo, konke okuproseswa kwezinkimba kusho ukuthi kunezinkinga zokugcina imali, ukutholakala kakhulu kwezinkimba kungafanele, futhi kunezinkinga zokugcina.
Ukuchoboza kuguqula i-ore esebenza emayini kusuka emaweni angamamitha angu-1 ububanzi kube ukudla okulawulwayo ngokuvamile okungama-100 kuya kuma-300 mm ngemuva kokuchoboza okuyinhloko bese kwehliswa kube ngama-25 kuya kuma-30 mm ngemuva kokuchoboza kwesibili. Lesi sinyathelo sikhulisa kakhulu indawo engaphansi kwezinhlayiya, siveza izinhlamvu eziningi zamaminerali ekuhlukanisweni okungokomzimba noma kwamakhemikhali okulandelayo. Lapho kushilwa, ukudla okuhlukaniswe kahle, okusabalalisiwe kunciphisa umthwalo womsebenzi womshini: amaqhekeza amakhulu adinga amandla angaphansi futhi abangela ukugqoka okungafani, kuyilapho amaqhekeza amahle ngokweqile ekhulisa i-viscosity ye-slurry futhi anciphise ukugeleza.
Kukhula kwezinkulungwane ezingaphandle kwesikhala sokugcina esihle—kubanzi kakhulu ukukhula noma kuncane kakhulu ukugqibela ngokuselektivile—kuphula ubude bokugcina nokubona kwezinkulungwane; ukugcina okuningi kwenza amaslimi okugcina okusebenza amareagenti futhi akhindela ukugxilwa kwezibhobho. Kukhula kwezinkulungwane, ukusiza kwezinkulungwane ezifanayo nezine izihlangothi zokugcina kusiza ukufinyelela kwezisombululo ngokufanayo futhi kuvumela ukuthi ukugcina kwezinkulungwane kwenziwe ngokusheshelayo. Ngakho-ke, ukugcina kuyadefinisa isikhala sokuzilinganisa izinkulungwane sokusebenza kuzo zonke izindawo ezilandelayo. Uma ukugcina kuyabeka ngokushesha isikhala sokuzilinganisa esisikhiwe, indawo yokuqala iyathola ukuthi ibe yinkambo yezinkambo, yinkambo yezinkambo, futhi yinkambo yezinkambo.
Nakuba kubona ukuthi ukuphuma kwakho kwenza kuphela ama-10 ku-15% we-energi yokuqondisa konke, kuyasebenza kusukela ku-80% yokuqondisa kwesikhathi esithile. Amasiphezi okunwetshwa ngokugcwele ayisiphelo sokufaka isikhathi esifanayo: ukuthi ukuphuma kakhulu kuyabangela ukuthi isikhathi sokuphuma sisebenze ngokuphelele kusukela kumkhondo wokuphuma, kubeka amakhilini akhula futhi kuyabangela ukuthi ukuphuma kwe-energi kwezinye izinhlangano ziyakhula, kubeka amakhilini akhula futhi kuyabangela ukuthi ukuphuma kwe-energi kwezinye izinhlangano ziyakhula. Ngaphandle kwalokho, ukuthintela izinhlelo zokusebenza zokuphuma ukuze bafake isikhathi esifanayo sokuphuma kuyabangela ukuthi amakhilini aqondise ngokuphelele kusukela ku-20% noma ngapandle kwalokho futhi kuyabangela ukuthi ukuphuma kwe-energi kwezinye izinhlangano ziyakhula. Kwezindawo zokuphuma zezinkunkuma, ukuthintela isikhathi sokuphuma, isikhathi sokuphuma, nokuthintela ukuthi isikhathi sokuphuma kuyabangela ukuthi amakhilini aqondise ngokuphelele kusukela ku-20% noma ngapandle kwalokho futhi kuyabangela ukuthi ukuphuma kwe-energi kwezinye izinhlangano ziyakhula. Kwezindawo zokuphuma zezinkunkuma, ukuthintela isikhathi sokuphuma, isikhathi sokuphuma, nokuthintela ukuthi isikhathi sokuphuma kuyabangela ukuthi amakhilini aqondise ngokuphelele kusukela ku-20% noma ngapandle kwalokho futhi kuyabangela ukuthi ukuphuma kwe-energi kwezinye izinhlangano ziyakhula.
Isikhundla Sokuphuma Kwesinkunkuma: Ukuthi Isikhundla Sokuphuma Siyatholakala Ngezinkunkuma
Ukwenza isikhombisa sesithuthi sokugqila kufuneka siboneleze ngokupheleleyo izindawo zokugqila ngamaphuzu okugqila, izimo zokufaka, nokuthanda kwezindlela zokusebenza ezimiselwe emuva. Ukukhetha izithuthi zokugqila zokuqala, zokwesibili, nezokuthathu ziyahlala kubonakala kumkhakha wokusebenza, ukwehla kwemiphumela yezindawo, nokuthanda kwezindlela zokusebenza zokugqila.
Ukukhetha izithuthi zokugqila zokuqala kuyisibonelo sezinto ezintathu: ubukhulu obukhulu bokufaka, ubukhulu bekhalu, nokulinganiso lokwakhiwa kweclay. Itable ethi phansi iyabonisana izinketho eziphakeme ezimbili kwezindlela zokusebenza zokugqila kwezinkhulumo ezinamandla:
| Ipharamitha | Ijini lokugayaza | I-Gyratory Crusher |
| Usayizi ophezulu lwokunyanga | Kufika ku-1,200 mm | Kusukela ku-1,300 mm |
| Ingeniso lokuphatha | Kubalulekile, kufanele kuzamele izindlela zokugqila zokufunda | Kubalulekile kakhulu, kubhiza kusuka ku-14,000 t/h |
| Ubukhulu Bekhalu Bokugqila | Obungaphezulu (granite, basalt) | Obungaphezulu (konke amakhulu okugqila) |
| Ukusebenzisa i-clay nezinkhulumo eziyisikhumbuzo | Ukubeka isikhumbuzo esikhulu sokugqila sivumela ukungabonakali; kuvumela ubukhulu obubalulekile bokushweleka | Ukuvula kwezindawo ezingaphezulu kunciphisa ukugcina; kungadingeka ukuguqula indlela yokwakha i-spider-arm |
Kuma-ore esinezinkambo zemithi ezingaphezulu, ama-jaw crusher angenza ukugcina uma abe nezindlela eziningi, ngakho-ke ama-gyratory ayasebenza ngokuphelele noma yiziphi izinto ezibhulungu nezilungileyo—kufuneka kwenziwe ukuthenga okuhle ukuze kungavaliwe ukuthinteka. Bonke babhekene ngokuphelele noma yiziphi izinto ezinamandla; isidingo sokubhekene nesilinganiso noma isivinini.
Ama-cone crusher ayindinganiso yokuchotshozwa kwesibili nokwesithathu ekusetshenzisweni kwamatshe aqinile, ahlinzeka ngokulawulwa kosayizi okuhambisanayo ngokusebenzisa izilungiselelo ezilungisekayo namazinga aphezulu wokunciphisa. Umphumela wawo oqinile, ohlungiwe kahle usekela ukugaya okusebenzayo noma ukuchithwa okuqondile. Ukuze kube nokuthena okuncane nokucindezela amandla, kusetshenziswa ama-High-Pressure Grinding Rolls (HPGRs). Ama-HPGR acindezela umbhede we-ore phakathi kwemiqulu ejikelezayo, akhiqize imifantu emincane ekhulisa ukukhululwa kwamaminerali ngaphandle kokukhiqiza izinhlayiya ezibi kakhulu. Le ndlela inciphisa amandla okugaya asezansi ngo-30% futhi inika amandla ukugaya ngokunembile kuze kufike ku-3 kuya ku-5 mm. Ukuhlanganisa ama-cone crusher phezulu kwe-HPGR kuhlanganisa ukusebenza okuphezulu nokukhululwa okuphezuluukwenza ngcono umjikelezo ophelele wokuchoboza.
Ukwakhiwa Kwesakhiwo Sesitshalo Sokushaya Amatshe Esisebenza Kahle
I-throughput incike ekuvumelaniseni usayizi wokudla nosayizi wokukhipha owenzelwe i-crusher. Ukungafani kuphoqa ukuba izinto ezinkulu kakhulu ziphinde zisakazwe, kusaphaze amandla futhi kuvimbele ukukhiqizwa kwezinto. Ukuvumelanisa lezi zimiso kuqinisekisa ukuthi umshini wokuchoboza usebenza eduze nomthamo wawo ngaphandle kokudla noma ukuvala. Ukufakwa kokudla kubalulekile: ukudla okuqhubekayo okufakwayo kugcina umthwalo ofanayo namandla aqinile, kuyilapho ukuqhuma kwezimoto ezihamba ngezinyawo okuphazamisayo kubangela ukuvalwa okuvikelayo futhi kusheshise ukugqoka. Isilinganiso sokudla esihambisanayoesilungiswe ngokuya ngobuningi bezinto ezibonakalayosibalulekile. Izinsimbi ezisindayo ezinobuningi obukhulu zandisa ukugeleza kwemisa yevolumu efanayo, okudinga isivinini sokuphakelayo esilungisiwe. Lokhu kuhambisana kukodwa kungakhuphula amandla okudlula kwesekethe ngo-10 kuya ku-15% ngaphandle kokutshalwa kwemali.
Ukuguqula kwe-crusher kubangela ukuthi izinkulungwane zokuproducwa nezindlela zokusebenza ziyagcina. Ukugcina okuncane kwesikhathi sokugcina kusuka emuva kuyenza ukuthi izinkulungwane zibe nzima kodwa kunciphisa ukukhula kwe-crusher futhi kuvutha ukugcina kwe-liner ngokugcina kakhulu kwe-compression nokuhlala kakhulu kwesikhathi esihlukileyo kwi-chamber. Ukugcina okuvuthayo kusuka emuva kubhekisa kumathuba okukhula okuphelele: ukuvutha kuyabiza ukukhula kodwa kuyabiza ukuthi izinkulungwane zibe nzima. Ukugcina kwe-eccentric throw kubhekisa kumakhanda okugcina nokuthakatha—ukugcina okuphelele kuyabiza ukuthi kubhekise kwezindawo eziphelele kodwa kuyabiza ukuthi kubhekise kwezindawo ezinkulu nezindlela zokusebenza. Yonke i-crusher inezindlela zokugcina ezithile—kubizwa ngokujwayelekileyo ngokuthi 4:1 ngalokho okugcina—ngaphandle koko ukuthi kubhekise kwezindawo ezinkulu kuyabiza ukuthi kubhekise kwezindawo ezinkulu kwe-mantles ne-concaves. Ukugcina kwe-liner kubhekisa kuzo zonke izindlela zokusebenza, ukuthi izinkulungwane zibhekise kwezindawo ezinkulu, nokuthi i-chamber ibhekise kwezindawo ezinkulu. Abasebenzi kufanele bahlukanise lezi zindlela ukuze bavuthise amasiko okuhlela ngokuthi bafike kwezinkulungwane—baziwa ukuthi ukuthola okuncane kokukhula kuyabiza ukuthi kubhekise kwezindawo ezinkulu ngokuthi kubhekise kwezindawo ezinkulu nezindlela zokusebenza.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa
Umbuso wokuvula kwakhiwe ngani kubukhulu lwesikhathi sokuvula?
Umbuso wakho ukunciphisa izinkundla ezingaphezulu ukuba zibe yizinyana ezinconywa kusukela ekuvuleni, ekufloateni, nokuvula. Le sikhathi isikhombisa ubukhulu bokusebenza nokuphambuka kwezinhlelo zokusebenza zemithali.
Kungani ukuthi ukuvula okuhle kungakhuthaza ukusebenza kwe-energi?
Ukuzimela okuhle kwezinhlelo zokuvula nokuthenga isikhundla esifanayo sokuvula singancipha ukusebenza kwe-energi ekuvuleni futhi singabiza ukuphambuka kwezinhlelo ngaphezu kwe-20% noma kangako.
Izifaktor ziphi zokukhetha ukuvula wesibili?
Izinto eziphambili zokukhetha ziyinkimbinkimbi zokuvula, ubukhulu bekho bokuvula, ubukhulu bekho bokuvula, nokuthi kunezinto ezingavuliyo njengamadlaka, okuyinto ephambuka kumthwakazi wezinkundla nezinkundla zokuvula.
Kungani ukuvula kwe-High Pressure Grinding Rolls (HPGRs) kusetshenziswa ekuvuleni kwesibili nekutatu?
I-HPGRs zisebenza ngokwemvelo futhi zithenga amaciko amancane okuvula okuyinto ephambuka kubukhulu bokuvula kwezinyana, okuthenga ukuphambuka kwezinhlelo zokusebenza zemithali.
Ukuthi isiphakathi sikhuluma ngokufanayo kusinika ukuthi iphantisi yokugcina amathambo iyasebenza njani?
Ukuthi isiphakathi sikhuluma ngokufanayo kusinika ukuthi iphantisi yokugcina amathambo iyasebenza ngokuphelele, kunciphisa ukuthi izithuthi ziyagcina, futhi kungabangela ukuthi kubhekwe phambili, kuyenza ukuthi kubhekwe phambili kakhulu futhi kunciphisa izindleko zokusebenzisa.