Ukuphakamisa Kwesitha Sasezindawo Yokukhishwa Kwemithombo Ngokwezinsuku Eziningi

Ukuxhamiseka Kwe-Sithuthi Sokukhula Ngesistrategi Yokuphila Kwe-Mine

Isithuthi sokukhula amathambo sesithuthi sokukhula kufanele sibe yinkambo engaphansi—akusiyo yinkambo eyodwa. Ukuphila kwezikhathi ezide kufune ukuthi isithuthi sokudala sibe yinkambo ekhona kusistrategi yokuphila kwe-mine kusukela kubhlasti lokuqala. Ukumodela kwezinkambo zokuzimela kuchaza ubude bokwesibhakabhaka nobukhulu bokuphuma kokuphuma kwe-pit, okuyiyo yobunzima obukhona kusakha kwe-crusher. Uma isithuthi sokukhula sibekwe kude kusukela kusihlalo sesikhathi sokusebenza, izindawo zokuhamba zizide, izikhathi zokuhamba zizide, futhi ukuthenga kwesibhakabhaka kuzide.

Isibonelo esihlukile esasezulwini sibonisa iziphumo: indawo yokugcina amasimu angu-250 tph ayathumela kuphela i-35% yekhapa lakho lelithi. Umqondo wabonakala ukuthi izihluzi zazisakwa kwezinhlobo zokugcina, izindawo zokuhambisa amasimu zazide kakhulu, nezindawo zokuhambisa amasimu zazihlukile ngokuthi zingahleli. Emva kokubheka isikhombiso sokugcina nokubheka isikhombiso sokugcina kwezindawo zokugcina, okwakhiwe ngokuphatha izihluzi ukuze zihambane nesikhombiso sokugcina sokugcina, ukuthumela kwakwakha ku-150 tph—kuyisilinganiso sesilinganiso se-40%. Ukubheka isikhombiso sokugcina nesikhombiso sokugcina sokugcina kwezindawo zokugcina kususa futhi ukuthi amasimu abhekene nangaphandle, kunciphisa ukuthi amasimu athakelwe, kanye nokuvikela ukuthi izinkampani ziyasebenza ngokuphelele njengoba indawo yokugcina iyagcina. Lokhu kukhetha kwezinye izikhathi, kodwa kufanele kubhekwe kabusha ngalokho okwakhiwe ngokuphatha isikhombiso sokugcina, ukuze isikhombiso sokugcina, izindawo zokugcina, nezihluzi ziyahambane nendawo yokugcina ngeminyaka emibili nangaphezulu.

Indawo yokugquba amathambo eyenzelwe kuphela ukuthi ikhululeke kakhulu ekubuyiselweni kwakho kusasa kuyadlula imali ngokuphelele kwezinsuku zokusebenza zezigodi ezimibili. Ukuqonda ukuthi ukuthenga kungcono kunezindlela zokusebenza zokugcina kuyabeka isibonelo esikhulu kumthwalo wokusebenza ngokuphelele. Kwezindawo zokugquba amathambo, ukugcina kuyasebenzisa ama-30 kuze kuma-50% wezindlela zokusebenza zokugcina ngokuphelele. Ukongeza okuncane kwezindlela zokuthenga kungabangela ukuthi lezi zindlela zokusebenza zokugcina zizolungise kakhulu ngokuphelele. Isibonelo, ukukhetha indawo yokugquba amathambo eyenzelwe ngokufanayo noma yikuphi na kwezindawo eziphathelene nezindawo zokugquba amathambo ezihlukaniswe ngokuphelele kanye nezinhlobo zokugcina ezithengisiwe ngaphambi kuzo kuyabeka isikhathi sokubuyiselwa kwindawo yokuqala kuncane futhi kuyavumela ukuthi kubuyeke kakhulu emva kwalokho ngokulinganiswe okuncane kwezindlela zokuthenga kwezindawo zokugquba amathambo ezilungile. Umsebenzi wokusebenzisa amandla kuyisibonelo esikhulu sokugcina: ukuthenga izinhlobo zokugquba amathambo ezihlukaniswe ngokuphelele kanye nokuthenga izinhlobo zokugquba amathambo ezihlukaniswe ngokuphelele kuyabeka isikhathi sokusebenza kuncane futhi kuyabeka isikhathi sokusebenza kude, kuyabeka ukuthi amandla ayasebenziswa ngokuphelele ngokulinganiswe okuncane kwe-15%.

Lapho isikhombisa kusenqumeni sokugcina nokuthumela kusenqumeni ngokuphathelene nesikhombisa, ukukhulula izithombe zokuthumela ezihlukile kwe-diesel kungabangela ukunciphisa izindleko zemoto ngama-40% ngeminyaka yokuqala yomthwalo. Itafula elandelayo ibonisa indlela yokubeka imali encane ekupheleni kuyishintsha izindleko zeminyaka miyane emibili:

Amazwi aqondile ngokwakhe: ukuthenga okuphakeme ngamashumi amabili amashumi amashanu kuyaphakama ukugcina kwesikhathi eside ngeminyaka emi-19. Ngokubhekisa konke ukuthenga ngokubhekisa kwezikhathi ezide ezinamashumi amabili, abasebenzi bokuthenga kungabona ukuthenga okuphakeme kwayo nokugcina okuphansi nokubeka isikhathi sokusebenza sokukhishwa kwamanzi kusobala.

Ukuvula Ukuzimela Kwamanzi Kusukela KuPit Ukuze Kufike KuProduct

Ukuthwasa kwezindawo zokugcina nokuthumela kuzoba yindlela entsha yokuguqula umendo wamaphakathi emithombo ngokuthi ukuthwasa kwakho kubuyiselwa kusendleleni yokukhupha, kungakhathali ekuthweni kwesibonelo esingaphansi. Lokhu kususa izikhala zezinkampani zokuthwasa ezide, kunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwemoto yomkhili nokuthi kunciphise amaphuzu okuthwasa ngamahlanu amashumi amabili. Kusendleleni yokuthwasa kwezindawo zokugcina esizokusebenzisa ngamashumi amabili, lokhu kuhlanganisa umkhondo wokukhupha nezindlela zokuthwasa ezinguqukile—kuvumela ukuthi kubhekwe ngokuphelele kwezindawo zokuthwasa zesiyaya nasezitsha. Ukuthwasa kwayo kubonakalisa ukuthi kungaqondwa ngokuphakeme uma indawo yokukhupha ikhuphile, kuvumela ukuthi kubhekwe ngokuphelele kwezindlela zokuthwasa njengoba izindawo zokuthwasa zihamba phambili. Uma kubonakaliswa ngokuphakeme ngezindawo zokuthwasa zokugcina nezindlela zokuthwasa zokuthumela, lokhu kuhlanganisa ukuthwasa nokuthwasa kwezindawo zokugcina, kuvumela ukuthi kubhekwe ngokuphelele kwezindlela zokuthwasa kanye nokuthi kubhekwe ngokuphelele kwezindlela zokuthwasa zokugcina. Ngakho-ke, izindlela zokulungisa zihlala zihlala zihlala, futhi ukusebenzisa kakhulu kwezinto zokusebenza kuzoba kakhulu—kuvumela ukuthi kubhekwe ngokuphelele kwezindlela zokusebenza kwezindawo zokugcina.

Ukuphatha okuphathelene nokusebenzisa imithambo yomthelela kubhekisele kwezinkulu zezimpahla zokusebenzisa amandla kumkhala wokugqibela. Ukuphatha okuphambili okanye ukuphatha kwezincwadi kususa izincwadi phambi kokugqibela, kubhekisele ukungasebenzisi kakhulu izinto eziyisize kakhulu futhi kususa amandla angaphezu kwe-15% yezimpahla zokusebenzisa amandla. Ukubuyisa izikhulukana zokugqibela zokuzimisa ngokuvamile ngamaphuzu okugqibela okwezinkulu zokugqibela kusiza ekususeni amandla angaphezu kwe-30%, ngakho-ke izindlela zokuguqula isikhathi sokusebenza kwezinhlobo zokuhamba nezincwadi ziyakhiqiza ukusebenzisa amandla ngokufanayo nesikhathi sokusebenza. Kwezindawo zokugqibela izinkhuni, lezi zizindlela ziyagcina ngokujabulisayo isibonelo sokugqibela ngaphandle kokukhangelwa kwezimpahla zokusebenza. Ukuphatha okuphambili okuphambili—ukuthumela izinto ezinkulu kwezikhulukana zokugqibela zokuphatha okanye zokugqibela zokuphatha nezincwadi kwezikhulukana zokugqibela zokuphatha ngokuphambili—kuyasiza kakhulu ekuphatheni ngokuphelele kwenzinhlobo zokugqibela. Uma kubhekiselwe kwezinhlobo zokugqibela zokuphatha kwezindawo, isikhathi sokusebenzisa amandla ngotoni yezinkhuni zokugqibela kushintsha kakhulu, kubhekisele ukuthi indawo iyasebenza ngokuphelele kwezinhlobo zokugqibela nezinhlobo zokuphatha ngokuphelele.

Ukuplanisha indawo ngokuphelele yokugqibela ngokuphelele

Ukukhetha indawo eyodwa yisibonelo sokubhekana nokusebenza kahle kwesithuthi sokugquba amaphiko. Ngaphezu kokufaneleka kwezwe nendawo yokuthola izinto ezibalulekileyo, indawo kufanele iboneke ukusebenza kahle kwezindlela zokuhambisa, ukuthi kunezinkambo zokusebenza ngokuphelele, nokuthintana ngokucindezela kwezwe. Ukusondela kahle kwendawo kubona izinkinga zokubeka, imithwalo yamazibhamu, nezindlela zokubeka izindlu—izinkinga ezingazange zihlalwe kahle kuzoba yizinkinga eziyakwakha izindlela zokubeka ngokuphelele ngokuphakeme kusukela ku-15% uma zingazange zihlalwe kahle kuqala. Isivumelwano sendawo sibonisa lezi zimbono njengokubeka kahle kwezindlela: ukubeka isikhulu sokugquba emuva kwezwe, ukulandela izindawo zokugcina ukuze sibophelele ukubuyiselwa, nokubeka izihlathi ukuze sizimele ukubuyiselwa kwezindlela zokuhamba kwezintonga. Lokhu kunciphisa ukusebenzisa izimoto zokuhambisa eziphatha i-diesel, kunciphisa izindlela zokusebenza kanye nezindlela zokuthintana kwezwe.

Ukugxila kwezinkinga zokuphatha izulu ngokupheleleyo kuthatha ukuthi kufanele kwenziwe izinto ezithile ngokuphambuka. Amaphoyinti okuqondwa okugcina, izisikhuba zokushisa amanzi, nezinkundla zokubeka izinto zokugcina zihlinzeka ukuthi kungabikho umthwalo wamafutha noma umshilo, ngakho-ke amapondi okugcina amanzi nezinhlobo zokuzisa kwamanzi zihlinzeka ukuthi kungabikho umshilo wamanzi—kodwa kungenza ukuthi kungabikho umshilo wamanzi ngokupheleleyo. Abaphatheli abanamandla bakhumbula isikhundla sokuguqula kusasa noma ukuthi kungaba yizinhlobo zokuguqula ngokuphambuka, ukuze isitolo sokukhishwa amasango singaqiniseka ngokuthi sifanele kumathuba okuthengiswa noma kubuyekezwa kwezinhlelo zokusebenza ngaphandle kokuthi kufunywe ukuthi kubuyiselwe endaweni engeyona. Ngokufaka lezi zindlela kumiphumela yokuxhumana kwezindawo, abasebenzi bavakha isitolo esisemthwakathini ngokupheleleyo, futhi sibonakala njengoba kufanele kusenzo lokusebenza kwezindawo zokusebenza noma kubuyekezwa kwezinhlelo zokusebenza.

Ukukhishwa Kwamanani Nokukhetha Izinkampani

Ukukhetha ukubala kwezinkambo zokusebenza ngokupheleleyo kuhlolile ukuziphatha ngokwesibonelo ngokuthi kuyisibonelo sokubala. Isikhundla sesibili sezinkambo zokugcina amathambo kufanele sisebenze ngokupheleleyo ngokuphakeme kwezinkambo zokufaka ezitholakala ngokuchaza ukuthi amathambo ayagcinwa njani, okunika isibonelo sokuthi ubungo bokufaka kwezinkambo zokugcina kufanele kube kude kunezinkambo zokuphakeme kwe-80% zokugcina ngokupheleleyo ngokulingana ne-20%. Izingxenye zokufaka zokufaka zihlalanga izinkambo zokuthi kufanele kubhekwe izinkambo zokugcina ukuze kususwe amathambo amancane—okuyisibonelo sokuthi kuyathinta ukugcina kwezinkambo zokugcina nokuthi kuyathinta ukuthi kufika kanjani. Isikhathi sokuhambisa akuyiyo yinto eyodwa; kuyahlola isibonelo sokuhambisa ngokupheleleyo nesibonelo sokugcina ukuze kungavali isikhathi sokuhlala esilindile noma ukuthi kubhekwe ngokupheleleyo. Umzekelo, uma isikhathi sokuhambisa sikhula kuneziminyaka eziyisikhombisa, kufanele kubhekwe inkambo enkulu yokufaka noma izitshikili eziningi ukuze kubhekwe isibonelo sokuthi kufika ngokupheleleyo.

Isidingo esisezansi esivela kuma-crusher wesibili kanye nama-screen silawula ukubekwa kwe-primarys eceleni okuvaliwe nesivinini. I-telemetry yesikhathi sangempela evela ezikalini zebhande nasezinzwa ezingeni ivumela opharetha ukuba balungise lezi zimingcele ngokuqhubekayo, balinganise ithani lesikhashana nekhwalithi yomkhiqizo. Ngaphandle kwalokhu kuhlanganiswa, ngisho nomshini onobukhulu obufanele ungalahlekelwa yi-10 kuya ku-15% ngenxa yokudla okungapheli noma ukuhlukaniswa okungafanele okulimaza umnotho wesikhathi eside womugqa wonke wokusebenza.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

Kusho ukuthini ukuvumelanisa ukuklanywa kwesitshalo semigodi nemigodi?

Ukuvumelanisa ukwakhiwa kwesitshalo semigodi necebo lokuphila emayini kuhilela ukuhlanganisa ukwakheka nokusebenza kwesitshalo se-crusher yamatshe necebo lokuqhutshwa kwemayini yesikhathi eside ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kahle, ukuphathwa kwezindleko nokuqhubeka kokusebenza emashumini eminyaka.

Kuyini ukwenziwa ngcono kwezindleko zokuphila kokwakhiwa kwezitshalo zokugubha amatshe?

Ukuhlelwa kwezindlela zokusebenza kusukela kuqala kuze kube phakade kuyasebenza ngokuthintana nokunciphisa izindlela zokuthengisa, izindlela zokusebenza nezindlela zokulungisa isithuthi sokusebenza, ngaphandle kokuvimbela ukuthi izindlela zokuthengisa zangaphambili zibe nzima.

Ubani u-In-Pit Crushing and Conveying?

U-In-Pit Crushing and Conveying uyisistimu esebenzisa ukuthi ukuthatha amaqhina aqala kwezindawo ezihleli kwezindawo zokuthatha amaqhina, okunika umphumela wokunciphisa ukuthi abantu bafuna ukuthinta amaqhina ngamakhombe amaningi, futhi kunciphisa izindlela zokuthengisa amafueli nezindlela zokuthiwa kwezinye izinto, ngakho kubhekisele kuhlelwa kwesikhathi.

Kungani ukuthi ukuhlelwa okuphelele kwezindlela zokusebenza kusukela kuqala kuze kube phakade kuyisisekelo esibalulekile kwezindawo zokuthatha amaqhina?

Ukuhlelwa okuphelele kwezindlela zokusebenza kunciphisa ukuthi izindlela zokusebenza ziyathinta izinto eziyisisekelo ngaphandle kokuthi kubhekisele kuzo izindlela zokuthenga, izindlela zokuthatha amaqhina ngamaphepha amaningi, nezindlela zokuthatha amaqhina ngamaphepha amaningi, okunciphisa izindlela zokuthengisa ngokuphelele.

Ziziphi izimpumelelo zokuhlelwa kwezindawo zokuthatha amaqhina?

Ukuhlelwa kahle kwesikhulu sekhaya kusinika ukuthi izinto zihambisane ngokuhle, kunciphisa ukubuyiselwa kwamazinto, kunciphisa ukuthi kwenzeke indawo yomhlaba, nokunciphisa izindleko zokusebenza ngokunciphisa ubude bokuhambisa nokuhlelwa kahle kwemisebenzi.

Kungani ubukhulu bekhothi kubalulekile kwezindawo zokuphatha izinkolo?

Ukubheka kahle ubukhulu bekhothi kusinika ukuthi indawo iyakwazi ukuthola izinkolo ezingaphezulu kakhulu, futhi ukuthi yonke into, kusukela emaphakathini ekhaya kuze kumabhasi, iyasebenza ngokuhle ukuze kuvunyelwe ukusebenza ngokuhle futhi ukuvimbela ukuthi kuzobe kunezinkinga zokusebenza ngokugcina kwezindawo zokusebenza.