Ukugqibela kwezindlela zokuproducwa kwezinto ezihlukene nokuhlukanisa izindlela

Ukubona Ukusebenza Kwesikhundla Sokuproducwa Kwempilo

Ukuze uzise isikhundla sokuproducwa kwempilo, kufanele ube nombono wokuthi indawo yonke—crushing, screening, ne-conveying—sisebenza njani kanye nokuhlanganisa njani. Izinsizakalo ezimbili zokubonwa ziyasebenza njengesikhundla sokubhekisa: ukubhalisa kwesikhundla sokusebenza nokubonwa kwesikhundla sokunqamuka okusenziwa ngomshini.

Qala ngokubhala konke izinyathelo ezihlukene kwezinhlangano zokuproducwa. Yenza isahluko sezinyathelo zokushisa ku-izinyathelo zesibili, yesibili, nesithathu, faka amagama wezinkimbinkimbi, izisize zokufakwa, nokuvumela ukuthi kuzoshiswa kanjani. Kukususa, bhalisa isibonelo sokugqamisa kwesibhakabhaka, ukuthi kuyaphakanywa kanjani, nokuthi kuyadivideka kanjani umkhakha. Kukuthunywa, bhalisa ubude bekubhala kwebhelti, izindlela zokuthunywa, nokwakhiwa kwezindawo zokuthunywa. Lokhu okuhlelwe kakhulu kubonisa izinkinga ezingazange zibonakale—njengokuthunywa kwabantu ababuyela emuva okubonisa ukuthi kuyasebenza kanjani noma ukuthi kuyasendula izinyathelo ezinokwenza ukuthi kusebenze ngokungafanele.

Ukuchaza izinyathelo ngokuthatha isikhathi kusiza ukwahlula izinyathelo ozinokwenza ubukhulu kumaqondo kanye nezinkinga. Ithabeli elandelayo ibonisa izinyathelo eziningi zokuchaza kuzinyathelo zonke:

Ukubhalisa lezi zinyathelo kusuka ku-imeko yezikhathi nezinhlanhla zokusebenza kubonisa iziphakade. Isibonelo, umshini wokuphatha okusebenza ngamandla angu-90% kodwa okuthunyelwa ekuskenini okufika kuzo ukuphakama ngamandla angu-80% kwenza isiphakade. Idatha yokugcina izinyathelo inqamula ukuthi kuphi kufanele ukwenza izindlela zokuphutha—uma akukho leli qondiso lwesibalo, konke okwenziwe kungafanele.

Iziphakade azibonakala ngokwesilinganiso njengomshini owawuphulayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, bavuleka ngokushisana kweminye yezikhathi phakathi kwezinyathelo. Bala isikhathi sokugcina sonke isikhathi sokusebenza—kusuka kumshini wokuqala wokuphatha kuya kumshini wokugcina wokugcina—besibonani nalesikhathi sokugcina esitholakalayo kusuka kwezindawo zokusebenza. Izifundo zasezinsizini zokusebenza kwezinkundla zokuphatha kubonisa ukuthi izinkundla ezihlukene zokuthunyela ziyisibonelo esikhulu sokuthi kungapheli kakhulu ukusebenza, kungabi ngokuphulwa kokushesha komshini.

Ukubalwa kwesikhathi sokufaka kusenza isikhundla esikhulu kakhulu. Umkhakha wokufaka okukhulu kakhulu ungathwala isikhundla sokuphuma, ngakho-ke umkhakha owanele ungathwala amascreen nezithuthi zokugcina ezisemaphakathini. Sebenzisa ukubhalwa kwesikhathi sokubhalwa ukulandela isiphumo sokubalwa kwesikhathi sokufaka—ukuguquka okuncane kuphela kungathwala ukusebenza kwesikhathi sokugcina kakhulu. Lapho uvakashela isikhathi sokubalwa sokufaka okuphakanyiswa noma isikhundla sokuphuma esingasenzi, uvakashela isikhundla sokuvalekileyo. Ngalesi sikhundla, izisombuluko zokudala isikhundla sokubalwa phambi kwesikhundla sokuvalekileyo noma ukuzilungisa isikhathi sokufaka kungasebenziselwa ngokucacileyo. Le ndlela yokusebenzisa idatha iyagcina ukuziqonda nokwenza ukubalwa kwesikhathi sokugcina ngokucacileyo.

Ukubhalwa Kwesikhundla Sokuproducwa Kwamathambo Okunconywa

Ukugqibela kwezindawo eziphakanyiswayo kuyenza ukuthi umkhondo wokuproducwa kwenziwe ngamaphuzu amathathu—ukuthola, ukuchitha, ukubhekisa nokugcina—ngokuzimisa ngokwesikhathi sokuvula kwemithombo yezinto. Ukulandela okunqubekayo kunciphisa ukudlula okungafanele nokunciphisa izindawo zokuthuthukisa apho ukuphatha kwenza ukuphatha kwezinto. Ukusetha i-crusher yokuqala isibonelo esihambisana ne-hopper yokufaka nokubhekisa ngokushesha emva kwe-crusher kunciphisa ubude bekhothayela, kunciphisa ukuphatha nokukhanya kwezinto. Izindawo zokubeka phakathi kwamaphuzu akhuthaza ukuguquka kwesikhathi, kunciphisa ukuphuma kwezinto okukhuluma ngokuphambili kwezinhlelo zokusebenza ezinye. Izindlela zokuthuthukisa ezilondoloziwe nezindlela zokuthuthukisa ezilondoloziwe zokuthuthukisa kunciphisa ukuphatha kwezinto nokukhanya kwezinto, kunciphisa ukuphatha kwezinto ngokuphakeme kune-5% kunazo zokuthuthukisa ezingavuli. Ukuvula ngokwesibindi kuzo zonke izindawo kunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla nokuphatha kwezinto. Ukugqibela kwezindawo kubona nesikhathi sokuhlela, nokubheka ngokujabulisayo izindlela ezinene nezindawo ezingavuli zokuhlela ukuthi kubhekwe ngokujabulisayo nokuhlela ngokujabulisayo ngaphandle kokuthi kubhekwe ngokujabulisayo. Ukugqibela kwezindawo kuyinto ekhaya kwezinhlelo zokuproducwa kwezinto, kubhekwa ngokujabulisayo kwezinhlelo zokuproducwa nokubhekwa ngokujabulisayo kwezinhlelo zokuproducwa.

Ukubambisana kwezinhlayo zokuphakamisa, izinhlayo zokuhlolwa, nezinhlayo zokuthunywa kuyisisekelo sokukhulula izinkinga zokugcina. Isikhundla sokuphakamisa kufanele ukhumbule isikhundla sokuhlolwa—ukuphakamisa okukhulu kakhulu kuzofuna isikhundla sokuhlolwa esincane kuzosala ukuthunywa kabusha kanye nokuthwasa kwamandla. Ukusebenza kwezinhlayo zokuhlolwa kususwe ngokuvamile ku-90–95% uma izinhlayo zihlola ngokupheleleyo, ngakho ke izinhlayo zokuthunywa zifanele ukuthunywa izinhlayo eziningi ngaphansi kwemiphumela yokuthunywa ngaphandle kokuthwasa. Uma isikhundla sokuphakamisa sokuqala sokujaw sithunywa izintoni eziningi ngamuhla, izinhlayo zokuhlolwa zokugcina kufanele zihlolwe ngokupheleleyo ukuze zikwazi ukuthola izinhlayo eziningi ngokuthi zizungezwe. Ispeed yezinhlayo zokuthunywa nezinhlayo zokuthunywa zihlawulwa ukuze zilungiselele ukuthunywa okupheleleyo, ukukhulula ukuthwasa noma ukuthunywa okuningi kakhulu. Izinhlayo zokulawula eziqondile zokujabula isikhundla sokuphakamisa, ubude bezinhlayo zokuhlolwa, kunye nespeed yezinhlayo zokuthunywa ngokushesha kusiza abasebenzi ukuthintela izinto ngokushesha, ukulungiselela ukuthunywa okupheleleyo. Uma lezi zinhlayo zihlanganiswa ngokupheleleyo, umkhala wokuprodukha kwezinhlayo zokuphakamisa usebenza ngokuphakade ngaphandle kokuthwasa kanye nokuthola izinhlayo eziningi kakhulu, ukunciphisa ukuthwasa ngamunye wezintoni.

Ukuhlela ukuseta kanye nokuguqula kwezinhlangano

Ukunciphisa isikhathi sokungasebenzi ngokugcina izinhlangano zokuguqula izinto ziyinkulu yokuvela kwesikhathi sokusebenza esithile. Kumaquarry okwesibini, ukuguqula kuzokwenzeka ngokuguqula izindlela zokugcina kwe-crusher, ukubuyela amaphepha wescreen, kanye nokuhlela kabusha izindlela zokuphumela kwe-conveyor—lolu hlelo lunciphisa isikhathi sokusebenza ngamahoura amaningi. Isinsiso sibe yokuqala ukuguqula izinhlangano eziphakathi (ezifana ngezinye ezisetyenziswa ngaphakathi kokungasebenzi) kuze kube yizinhlangano ezingaphandle (ezisetyenziswa ngaphandle kokusebenza).

Indlela eyenzelwe ngokuphathelene nesiqondiso sithathu esinconywa ngokuphathelene nesikhathi sokuguqula:

• Izinhlangano ezenziwe ngokulinganisa: Ukubhalisa izinhlangano zokuguqula zonke ngokuphathelene nesikhathi sokuguqula zonke ziyinkulu yokuvikela ukuthi abasebenzi bafanele ngokuphathelene nesikhathi sokuguqula, ukuze kubekho ukulungiswa kwezinhlangano zokusetwa.

• Amathooli nezinto ezihlukene ezisetyenziselwa ngaphambi kokuguqula: Ukufaka amaphepha escreen, izinto zokugcina, kanye nezinto ezingatholakali ngaphambi kokuguqula kuleli phansi kuyokuvikela isikhathi sokuthola izinto eziningi ezifanele.

• Izindlela Zokushintsha Ngokushesha: Ukutshala imali emashalofini, izinhlelo zokuxhuma amanzi, kanye nezimo ezilawulwa izindlela ezizenzakalelayo kuma-crusher kwenza ukulungiswa kwamahora kube imisebenzi elinganiswa ngemizuzu.

Ngokwakha inqubo yokusetha ukuze kube nesivinini nokuphindaphindeka, imisebenzi inganciphisa usayizi weqoqo, iphendule ngokushesha kakhulu ezidingweni zamakhasimende, futhi ithuthukise kakhulu isikhathi sokusebenza esikhiqizayo salo lonke ulayini wokukhiqiza i-aggregate.

Ukusebenzisa Izimiso Ezilula Ukuze Uhlale Uphumelela

Ukubhalisa izinyathelo ezikhazimbulu zokusebenza kwe-crusher, ukufaka okuphezulu, nokulungisa isikhala sokuqondwa kusindisani izinguquko kumugqa wokuproducwa kwe-aggregate. Isiqalekiso esihle sekuthi ngamandla esebenzayo esibonakaliswe kuzo zonke izinsizwa ziyasebenza ngokufanana, kubhekisele ukungakhathalisi okunye noma ukungafaki okunye okukhula ukuphatha kwesikhathi sokuproducwa. Ukudibanisa lezi zinyathelo ne-ukubhalisa isikhathi sokusebenza ngokushesha kusiza ukubhalisa isikhathi sokusebenza sokucrusha ngokuphelele. Amasensha kwe-feeder ne-motor yecrusher abhalisa isikhathi sokuhlala, ukuthuthukisa komthwakazi, nokuthatha isikhathi sokukhipha, kubonisa izinguquko kusikhathi sokusebenza esifanele. Le datha isiza abasupervisors ukulungisa izinguquko zokufaka ngokushesha. Uma isikhathi sokusebenza se-jaw crusher siphakanyiswa ngap beyond isikhathi esifanele, isistimu isibonisa ukuthi kunezinkinga zokublockwa noma ukuthi kunezinkinga zokuthwabha. Ukubhalisa ngokuphakade kuyabhalisa ku-continuous improvement, kuhlela izisetpoint ngokuphakeme kancane. Umsebenzi we-Lean uyakwenza isikhundla se-crusher-feeder isikhundla esisodwa, esitholakala ngokuphelele, esinokubhalwa ngokuphelele, esinokuvikela izindlela zokuphatha ngokuphelele ngokuphakeme kanye ngezinsizwa.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

Kungani ukubhalisa umugqa wokusebenza kubalulekile ekuvimbindweni kwemigqa yokuvela kwamaphakathi?

Ukubhalisa umugqa wokusebenza kusiza ekubhaliseni isibonelo sesinye sezinyathelo ezihlukene zomugqa wokusebenza, kusiza ekuboniseni izinkinga ezingahlanzeli nezinkinga zokuphakama phakathi kwamaphakathi, ukubhekisa, nokuthumela.

Izizindiso zezinkinga zokuphakama phakathi kwamaphakathi ziyini?

Izinkinga zokuphakama phakathi ziyagwala kakhulu emisikeni yezinyathelo, izindlela zokufaka ezingafanani, noma izinkampani azizisebenzi ngamandla awo amfanekayo.

Kungani ukugcina izindawo (zoning) kunciphisa ukuphulwa kwamaphakathi phakathi kwamaphakathi?

Ukugcina izindawo kunciphisa izindawo zokuthumela amaphakathi, kunciphisa ukudlula okungafanelekile, futhi kusetshenziswa kwezindawo zokugcina nezindawo zokugcina zokugcina ukunciphisa ukuphulwa nokuphuma kwedusthu.

Ukubheka ngokushesha kuyasebenza kanjani ekuvimbindweni kwamandla?

Ukubheka ngokushesha kusiza ekuvimbindweni kwamandla yokufaka, kubonisa izilinganiso zokuphinda kwezinyathelo, futhi kusiza ekwenzeni izindlela zokuhlela ngokushesha ukuvikela izidingo zokuzimelela nokuvimbinda kwamandla.