Isiqephu Sesikhulu Sezindlela Zokuphatha Amathanga: Isiqephu Sesikhulu Nasezinkulu

Izindlela Zokusakha Kwezakhiwo Zokuvula Isivathelwano sokugcina : Ubukhulu Bekhanda Lokufuna/Lokugcina, Umkhakha Wokusebenza, Nokubukhulu Kwezinqamuka

Ubukhulu bekhandwa lokufuna nokugcina kubhekisana kumaqondo wokwahlukanisa indawo emithambo yokuvula engancane nemithambo yokuvula enkulu

Ubukhulu bekhandwa lokufuna kubhekisana kakhulu komaqondo wokwahlukanisa indawo emithambo yokuvula isivathelwano sokugcina amaphayipha amakhulu ekusebenzeni ngezinkundla ezingaphezulu kwe-1.5 cubic meter ziyadinga indawo enkulu, futhi ziyasetha izindawo ezithile kuphela ukuthi amahaul truck aqonde ngokuphelele nge-30 ku-50 mita yendawo eyodwa. Amaphayipha amancane ekusebenzeni ngezinkundla ezingaphezulu kwe-300mm noma ngenye into ayizokwenzela konke ngokuphelele ngendawo engu-15 mita. Lokho okuphuma kulezi zikhulukazi zokwesibili ziyakuthinta ukuthi izinqumo zizoba kuphi kusuka emuva kwaleli gama. Izinkundla zokwesibili ziyakudinga ukuba zibe phakade kune-8 mita kusuka kwenqubo yokuqondisa ngokuphelele ukuze kuvikeleke ukubuyiselwa kwemithombo engalungileyo kusuka emuva kwegama. Izinkundla zokuhlola ziyadinga izindawo zokuvikeleka zabo ngokwanele ngoba zihlaza ubushushu obuningi ngokusebenza. Uma sibheka isithakazelo sokugcina, amaphayipha amakhulu ayathatha umbala wokugcina wezindawo ezingu-60 percent ngaphezulu kwezindawo zokugcina zezinkundla zabo zomncane.

Ubude beworkshop nobunzima bezifunda zokufaka: Ukuchaza kwesiqhelo phambi kokufaka kwezinkundla zokuphakama kwezinkundla

Ukufunda kahle ukuthi isithakazelo sesakhiwo singaba yisiphumo esihle kabusha ngaphambi kokuthatha indawo yokubhala, kungase kususa imali enkulu emuva kwalokho lapho kufuneka kubhalelwe kabusha ngeminyaka yokubhala. Amacresha ase-ghyratory ayadinga amasiko amakhulu okukhula kahle okwesikhathi sokubhala, okuyi-500 ton ngameteresqare, okuyi-3 izikhathi zokudinga kwezincresha zezibhamu. Ngezinkinga zokuphakama kwesikhumba, kukhona okuningi okudingekayo ukuthi kwenziwe indawo yokubhala kwezicrane zokuphakama ngeminyaka yokuhlinzekisa. Izindlela ezingaphezulu ziyadinga ukuthi zibe nezindawo eziningi zokuphakama zokubhala kahle ngameteres angu-10 ukuhlinzeka kweziliner, ngakho-ke izindlela ezingaphansi ziyadinga ukuthi zibe nezindawo eziningi zokuphakama zokubhala kahle ngameteres angu-6. Emva kokuthi iziqukwe ziningi zazihlwa ngo-2023, abalungisi abaningi baze bafaka ukubala kwezimali zokuhlwa kwezinkundla zokubhala kwezimiso zabo. Lamanje bahlola ukuthi kuzoba nezimali zokuhlwa zokuphakama kahle kwe-0.3g noma kude kunezimali zokuhlwa zokuphakama kahle ngokuvamile ngokwesifundo se-ISO 19901-7 ne-ASCE 7-22, ukuthi isakhiwo sibe senza isiphumo esihle ngokungatholakali kwezimali zokuhlwa kwezindawo.

Ukulinganisa izindawo zokusebenza kwezinkambo: Izinkambo zokusebenza ezincane zokugcina (120 m²) vs. izilayini zokugcina zokugcina ngokuphelele + zokugcina ngokuphelele + VSI (450 m²)

Ukulinganisa izindawo zokusebenza kuyahlanjwa kakhulu ngokulingana nesikhala:

Lezi zizindikiso zikubonisa ukuthi izinkampani zokuphatha izinkunkuma (AGGPRO 2024) eziyisikhombisa ngokufana nge-72% zisebenzisa izihlanu zesifunda esingaphansi ekusethweni kwemitha ethathu engu-500TPH, bakhangelwa izihlanu ezinkulu kumaquarry okungaphezu kwezinkampani zokuphatha izinkunkuma zokuphatha izinkunkuma zokuphatha izinkunkuma zokuphatha izinkunkuma zokuphatha izinkunkuma zokuphatha izinkunkuma zokuphatha izinkunkuma zokuphatha izinkunkuma zokuphatha izinkunkuma zokuphatha izinkunkuma zokuphatha izinkunkuma zokuphatha izinkunkuma zokuphatha izinkunkuma zokuphatha izinkunkuma zokuphatha izinkunkuma zokuphatha izinkunkuma zokuphatha izinkunkuma zokuphatha izinkunkuma zokuphatha izinkunkuma zokuphatha izinkunkuma zokuphatha izinkunkuma zokuphatha izinkunkuma zokuphatha izinkunkuma zokuphatha izinkunkuma zokuphatha izinkunkuma zokuphatha izinkunkuma zokuphatha izinkunkuma zokuphatha izinkunkuma zokuphatha izinkunkuma zokuphatha izinkunkuma zokuphatha izinkunkuma zokuphatha izinkunkuma zokuphatha izinkunkuma zokuphatha izinkunkuma zokuphatha izinkunkuma zokuphatha izinkunkuma zokuphatha izinkunkuma zokuphatha izinkunkuma zokuphatha izinkunkuma zokuphatha izinkunkuma zokuphatha izinkunkuma zokuphatha izinkunkuma zokuphatha izinkunkuma zokuphatha izinkunkuma zokuphatha izinkunkuma zokuphatha izinkunkuma zokuphatha izinkunkuma zokuphatha izinkunkuma zokuphatha izinkunkuma zokuphatha izinkunkuma zokuphatha izinkunkuma zokuphatha izinkunkuma zokuphatha izinkunkuma zokuphatha izinkunkuma zokuphatha izinkunkuma zokuphatha izinkunkuma zokuphatha izink......

Ukugxilwa kwezindawo zokugqibela: Kusuka ku-Primary ku-Tertiary emizini yezindawo zokugqibela ezingaphansi nezingakhulu

Ulobo lokugxilwa lweminyaka: Kungani izihlanu ezinkulu zokugqibela zisebenzisa izilinganiso zika-jaw → cone → VSI—futhi izihlanu esingaphansi ziqhubeka ngokugqibela kwesibili

Izindlela ezingaphezulu zokusebenza zizokwenzela ukuthi zisebenze ngomlando wamathathu xa kuzokwenzwa ukugqibela amafutha: okokuqala ukugqibela ngomlomo wemphakathi, emva koko ukugqibela ngomlomo wokuphambuka, kwaye emva koko ukugqibela ngotechinoloji ye-VSI. Lokhu konke kufaka amafutha kusukela kumeteri omkhulu kakhulu kuze kube ngenkamba yezinkulu kune-25 millimeters, futhi kuyaphatha izikhala zokubheka ngokujulile zokuba zibe yizikhala zokubheka ngokujulile zokuba zibe yizikhala zokubheka ngokujulile zokuba zibe yizikhala zokubheka ngokujulile zokuba zibe yizikhala zokubheka ngokujulile zokuba zibe yizikhala zokubheka ngokujulile zokuba zibe yizikhala zokubheka ngokujulile zokuba zibe yizikhala zokubheka ngokujulile zokuba zibe yizikhala zokubheka ngokujulile zokuba zibe yizikhala zokubheka ngokujulile zokuba zibe yizikhala zokubheka ngokujulile zokuba zibe yizikhala zokubheka ngokujulile zokuba zibe yizikhala zokubheka ngokujulile zokuba zibe yizikhala zokubheka ngokujulile zokuba zibe yizikhala zokubheka ngokujulile zokuba zibe yizikhala zokubheka ngokujulile zokuba zibe yizikhala zokubheka ngokujulile zokuba zibe yizikhala zokubheka ngokujulile zokuba zibe yizikhala zokubheka ngokujulile zokuba zibe yizikhala zokubheka ngokujulile zokuba zibe yizikhala zokubheka ngokujulile zokuba zibe yizikhala zokubheka ngokujulile zokuba zibe yizikhala zokubheka ngokujulile zokuba zibe yizikhala zokubheka ngokujulile zokuba zibe yizikhala zokubheka ngokujulile zokuba zibe yizikhala zokubheka ngokujulile zokuba zibe yizikhala zokubheka ngokujulile zokuba zibe yizikhala zokubhe......

Izindlela zokugcina izikhombisa: Ukuphutha ukuthintana kwezomthetho phakathi kwezindawo ezincinci ezingasemhlabeni ngokufanayo nokuqondisa ukuthintana kwezomthetho phakathi kwezindawo ezingaphezulu kwezindawo ezingabi ngezinye ezinkulu zezindawo zokuchitha

Umkhulu wokuphakathi kwezindawo ezenzekile kuyisiphumo esikhulu kusukela ekubeni sibhalisa izinhlelo zokuhambisa. Kumaqondiswana amancane apho indawo ayisikhe, abahleli bahlala baphatha izinhlelo zokuhambisa ezihlukaniswe ngokuvula okungafana ne-15 degrees. Lokhu kusinda ukuthi izinto zihambise emuva xa zizohlanzwa futhi kusiza kakhulu ekwenzeni ukulungisa. Lezi zinhlelo eziphakathi kakhulu zinokususa phakathi kwe-35% kuya kumhla kwe-50% yendawo yasezansi kulokho okufanayo nokubeka kwezinhlelo zokuhambisa ezihlukaniswe ngokuvula. Kodwa xa kuchazwa izinhlelo ezingaphezulu, izinto ziyagcina kahle. Izinhlelo ezingaphezulu zihlanganisa izinhlelo eziningi zokuhambisa ngezinkampani ezihlukaniswe ngokuvula okungafana ne-22 degrees. Lokhu kusiza ukuthi izinto zihambise phakathi kwezinkampani ezihlukaniswe ngokuvula ngaphandle kokuthi zithathe indawo enkulu yasezansi. Ukususa kuleli qondiswana kuyisiphumo se-40%, kodwa kusiza kakhulu ekuthatheni izinto kusukela emuva kwezinkampani ezihlukaniswe ngokuvula kuya kuzansi, kususa ukuthi kubhekwe izimoto phakathi kwezinkampani. Ngokwesifundo sasezwe sika-CEMA 502, lokhu kusiza kakhulu ekuthatheni i-energy.

Ukukhetha kwe-Crusher Kufanekile Nokuthi Kwamaphakathi Nokuthi Kwamaphepha Okuphathwa

Ukukhetha kwe-Crusher Kuthinteka Ngokuthi Kwamaphakathi Nokuthi Kwamaphepha Okuphathwa: Amacrishe we-Jaw kubani (Mohs 6–7) ngosizo lwesikhathi esinamandla, ngakho-ke amacrishe we-Impact kubani (Mohs 3–4)

Kukhetha phakathi kwezinhlobo zezibhokisi ezahlukene, ubunzima bezingqalashe bakhona indlela eyinkulu yokuzilonda. Izibhokisi zesikhumba (jaw crushers) zisebenza kahle kumathuba amaningi nezimithi eziyisikhumba esizimele kakhulu njenge-granite eyisilinganiso sesikhumba sika-6 ku-7 kusikala se-Mohs. Lezi zimboni zisebenzisa amandla okuphefumula okuphakeme kumaphuzu akhe amaningi, amahlanu amahle apho kusobonakala ukuthi kuyabeka isikhumba kahle ngokwesikhathi. Kuma-materials amancane njenge-limestone eyisilinganiso sesikhumba sika-3 ku-4 kusikala se-Mohs, izibhokisi zokugxila (impact crushers) zihambisana kahle. Zibhekisa lezi zimboni ngokugxila kahle ngokushaya kahle kubo, angafanele ukuthi zihlabele kubo, futhi izilayina ziyadlala kahle kakhulu. Ukuchaza lokhu kahle kubonakalisela umphumela omuhle kumalungelo wezimali zokusebenza. Ukunciphisa kwamandla kungaba phakathi kwe-15% ne-20%, ngokwesifundo sezinkampani zasegoverenment nezokuthi iziqukwa zinombile kahle lapho ziqhubeka nokulandela izimthetho zokuvikela okusetshenziswa ngu-OSHA standard 1926.57.

Umbono wemithi yomhlaba nobukhulu bezinye: Izibhokisi zesikon (cone crushers) zinika izindlela zemithi eziyisikhumba esingama-85%; izibhokisi zesikhumba (jaw crushers) zinika izindlela eziningi zemithi eziyisikhumba esingama-40%

Umbiko wemithi yezinkampani kunezimpikiswano ezinkulu kuzo zokusebenza kwemithi kumasevisi wesayansi. Izinto njengezinkampani zokugcina, ukuphakama kwezindlela zokuphinda-phinda, nokuthi izinkampani zihlanganise njani zinconywa ngokukodwa ngale ndlela. Amashini okugcina amaculo ayisishiyagalombili (cone crushers) ayasebenza kahle kwenza izinkampani ezingaphezu kwe-85% zezinhlobo zemithi ezingavumelekileyo ngoba zizigcina izintshontsho phakathi kwazo emaphakathini amancane. Lokho kwenza le mashini zibhekene kakhulu nokwenza izimboni zezinkampani zokubhala nezinkampani zokubeka kwezindawo ezifunayo ukuthi ziqondele isivumelwano se-EN 13043 nase-ASTM C33. Ngaphakathi kwalokho, amashini okugcina amagqabi (jaw crushers) ayasebenza kahle kususa izintshontsho ezingaphezulu kakhulu kuqala kodwa zinakha izinkampani ezingafanele, eziningi, futhi ezingasemthethweni ngokuphinda-phinda kwazo okulineyile. Abanye ababhalayo bakhuluma ukuthi kungaba nezinkampani ezingaphezu kwe-40% ezingaqondi ukuthi zizekile ngaphandle kokuphatha kabanzi uma sifuna ukuzisebenzisa kumazixhobo apho ubukhulu bezobulungiswa kuyisiphumo esikhundleni.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

Yini okugcina ubukhulu bekholiwe yokukhupha?

Ukubhala kwezinto ezihlanganisiweyo nezintsha ziyizinkinga eziphambili. Ukubhala okukhulu kwezinto ezihlanganisiweyo kufuna isikhundla esikhulu kunye nezinkampani ezikhulu, ngakho-ke izisebenzi ezincane zingaphila emaphakathini amancane.

Kungani iz-crusher zezigwinya zihambisana kakhulu emazinhlanzeni amakhulu?

Iz-crusher zezigwinya zinokuhambisana kahle nezibhulukwe ezikhulu ngokuthi zinamandla okuphatha nokusebenza kwezinhlanzeni ezikhulu.

Izinkinga zezembelelweni ziyiphi kwezinhlanzeni zokugcina ezintsha?

Izilawuli zezembelelweni zizofakwa manje kwezinhlanzeni ukuze zibe nesibindi sokuphatha izimbono zokuguqula kwangaphandle kwezinye izindaba zokuguqula kwelanga, futhi ziqondana nezistanda njenge-ISO 19901-7 ne-ASCE 7-22.

Izithi zez-crusher zihlukahluka kanjani ngokuchaza kwezinto?

Iz-crusher zezibhamu zihambisana kahle nezintlango ezingabi ngekhaya njenge-granite, ngakho-ke iz-crusher zezimpilo zihambisana kahle nezintlango ezingabi ngekhaya njenge-limestone. Iz-crusher zezikonu zihambisana kahle nezintlango njenge-basalt.

Kuphi izinhlanzeni ezingancane isivathelwano sokugcina zihlukahluka kwezinhlanzeni ezingakhulu?

Izinhlanzeni ezingancane zihambisana kahle nezinhlanzeni zezibhokhwe ezingafana ngokuzima ukuze zisave isikhundla, ngakho-ke izinhlanzeni ezingakhulu zingasebenzisa izinhlanzeni zezibhokhwe eziningi ukusiza ukusave isikhundla nokuthuthukisa ukusebenza.