Ukukhombisa Kanjani Isivathelwano Sokugcina Ngokugcina Ngokuphelele

Qinisa Iziphumo Zomsebenzi Ngokuhambisana Ne Isivathelwano sokugcina : Ukukhala, Izinqumo Zemithombo, Nokuchaza Kwezindawo

Ukufunda ukuthi umsebenzi ubhekwe kahle kusukela kuqala kuyisisekelo esibalulekile ekukhombiseni isivathelwano sokugcina esihle isivathelwano sokugcina okokuqala, funda ukuthi yini okufanele kube yinkulungwane yokubhala ngosuku ngosuku ngokulingana nokuthi yini okuyakwenzeka ngokwenza kusistimu. Izinguquko zomnyaka okuhambisana nezinhlobo zemithombo noma imithombo esikhubekileyo kuzoba yinkimbinkimbi ekukhetheni izinkampani zokubhala. Ukuchaza imithombo kufanele kube yilokho okuphambili. Uma imithombo inesifunda sokubhala esikhulu kune-150 MPa, kufanele kubhekwe izinkampani zokubhala ezinkulu njengezinkampani zokubhala ngokwesibhamu esikhulu. Imithombo enezinhlobo zokugcina ezingaphezulu kwe-20% yezinhlobo zesiSilika kufanele kubhekwe amapharti amahle okugcina amahle okugcina okunqula okuhambisana nokukhona kwemiphumela. Ukungakhumbula lokhu konke kuzoba yinkimbinkimbi emva kwalokho kujabuliswa ukuthi amapharti ayagcina kusho kakhulu, ukuvalelwa kungafanele, nokubuyiselwa kwezinkinga eziningi emva kwalokho.

Ukuxhuma izinhlobo zokubhala nezinhlobo zemithombo, isifunda sokubhala (150 MPa), nokugcina ukukhetha izinkampani zokubhala ezinkulu

Uhlobo lwezinto ezenziwa kahle kuyisiphumo esikhulu sokuthi ukuphatha kwe-crusher yokuqala kuyasebenza njani. Uma kubhekwa ematshwala amakhulu, amathwala okuzikhipha okungabi ngezinye izithwala zokukhanya ezinamandla okugcina phakathi kwe-180 kanye ne-250 MPa, iz-crusher zemichiza enkulu ezinamandla okugcina emichizweni yezinkolo zomthwalo wokugcina yezinkolo zomthwalo wokugcina yezinkolo zomthwalo wokugcina yezinkolo zomthwalo wokugcina yezinkolo zomthwalo wokugcina yezinkolo zomthwalo wokugcina yezinkolo zomthwalo wokugcina yezinkolo zomthwalo wokugcina yezinkolo zomthwalo wokugcina yezinkolo zomthwalo wokugcina yezinkolo zomthwalo wokugcina yezinkolo zomthwalo wokugcina yezinkolo zomthwalo wokugcina yezinkolo zomthwalo wokugcina yezinkolo zomthwalo wokugcina yezinkolo zomthwalo wokugcina yezinkolo zomthwalo wokugcina yezinkolo zomthwalo wokugcina yezinkolo zomthwalo wokugcina yezinkolo zomthwalo wokugcina yezinkolo zomthwalo wokugcina yezinkolo zomthwalo wokugcina yezinkolo zomthwalo wokugcina yezinkolo zomthwalo wokugcina yezinkolo zomthwalo wokugcina yezinkolo zomthwalo wokugcina yezinkolo zomthwalo wokugcina yezinkolo zomthwalo wokugcina yezinkolo zomthwalo wokugcina yezinkolo zomthwalo wokugcina yezinkolo zomthwalo wokugcina yezinkolo zomthwalo wokugcina yezinkolo zomthwalo wokugcina yezinkolo zomthwalo wokugcina yezinkolo zomthwalo wokugcina yezinkolo zomthwalo wokugcina yezinkolo zomthwalo wok......

Ukuhlaziya ukugradayela, isivinini sezilwane, nokuthi kunezilwane zokufaka ukuze kubhekwe izinkinga zokukhupha isikrini, ukuphakama kwesibhala, nokuthi kunezinkinga zokuprosesa phansi

Uhlobo lwento esibhekene nayo lwenza umehluko endleleni izinto ezihamba ngayo ngesikhathi sokucubungula. Lapho kunokuthile okuwusizo kakhulu ngaphansi kuka-5 mm okuxubile nomswakama ongaphezu kuka-8%, kuvame ukunamathela ndawonye futhi kuvimbe izindawo zokuhlunga. Isixazululo? Khetha amapaneli e-polyurethane noma lezo zikrini ezinemvamisa ephakeme ezingakwazi ukubhekana nengxabano kangcono. Ezintweni ezisindayo zobumba lapho inkomba ye-plasticity ifinyelela ngaphezu kuka-15%, ngokuvamile kudingeka senze ukuhlolwa kwangaphambili noma siqale sizifake emishini yokuwasha izingodo. Uma kungenjalo amabhande aqala ukugoba futhi ama-conveyor agcwala izinto okungafanele azithwale. Ukwenza lezo zilungiselelo ezifanele zomhluzi wesibili kubaluleke kakhulu ngosayizi womkhiqizo wokugcina. Ukuqinisa izilungiselelo ezingaseceleni ezivaliwe kuma-cone crusher kunikeza imikhiqizo enesimo esingcono kodwa qaphela ngoba kusho nokuthi izinto eziningi zibuyiselwa ukuze zisetshenziswe kabusha. Ukuthola indawo efanele phakathi kwezinto ezihlukahlukene kusiza ukugcina konke kuhamba kahle ngaphandle kokubangela izinkinga kamuva lapho kudingeka sihlunge noma sigcine umkhiqizo ophelile.

Ukuhlela ukwakheka kwesitshalo sokuchoboza ukuze kube nokugeleza okuhle kwezinto ezibonakalayo nokusebenza kahle

Ukusebenzisa amandla adonsela phansi asekelwa amandla adonsela phansi kanye namaphuzu aphansi okuphakamisa ukuze kuncishiswe ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kuze kufike ku-12%

Ukwakhiwa kahle kwezitshalo ngokuvamile kugxila ekuvumeleni izinto zihambe ngamandla adonsela phansi kunokuba zincike kakhulu ezinhlelweni zokuphakamisa ezisebenza ngemishini, ezingase zinciphise izindleko zamandla. Lapho sibeka amayunithi okuchoboza ezindaweni eziphansi kakhulu, kusho ukuthi izithwali akudingeki zisebenze kanzima kangaka ngokumelene nomthelela wamandla adonsela phansi. Isikhungo saseHenan Zhongyu Dingli sabona ukwehla kwamandla ngonyaka cishe ngo-12% ngemva kokwenza lolu shintsho. Okuhle ngale ndlela ukuthi ukukhiqizwa kuhlala kuzinzile kuyilapho kuqedwa lezo zinqubo ezengeziwe eziqondile eziqeda izingxenye ngokushesha. Ukwenza izitebhisi zibe zilungile phakathi kwezigaba ezihlukahlukene zokucubungula kwenza konke kuhambe kahle ngaphandle kokuvinjelwa noma ukuchitheka. Izitshalo nazo ziyazuza ekulayisheni imoto kancane nasekukhishweni kwe-carbon encane ngethani ngalinye elilicutshungulwayo ngenxa yalokhu kuthuthukiswa kokwakheka.

Ukunciphisa izindawo zokuthumela, ukuvuselela izinkulungwane zezibhokisi (55°), nokuhlanganisa ukulima kwezithuthi ukuze ubheke ukuphatha kwezinto zokuzivikela nokukhishwa kwezinto zokuzivikela

Ukufika emateriali ekhishwa ngokushesha kusobala ukunciphisa lezi zindawo zokuthumela kweziconveyors apho izithuthi zikhishwa futhi izinto zihlaziywa ngamaphakade. Ukugcina izibhokisi ngokulingana ne-55 degrees kusobala ukungafiki kwezinto zokuthunywa okubangela ukungabonakali kwezinto futhi ukuphatha kwezibhokisi kushaya isikhathi eside, ngaphezu koko kusobala ukuthi izinto zikhishwa ngokushesha lapho zifika emva. Izisiko zokulima kwezithuthi zisetyenziswa ngokuphelele emva kwezicrusher futhi kuzindawo zokuthumela kusobala ukuthinteka kwezinto zokuthunywa ngokulingana ne-35–50%, njengoba kubonakala kwezifundo. Ukuchazwa kwezizindlela zombili kusobala ukunciphisa ukuphatha kwezinto ngokulingana ne-20% kwezindawo zokuphatha okungasemthethweni. Ngaphezu koko kusobala ukuthi zonke izinto ziyasebenza ngokulingana nemithetho yezibalo zokuzivikela njenge-EPA Method 201A futhi ngezimboni zase-ISO 16000-7. Ukunciphisa izindawo zokuthumela kusobala ukunciphisa ukuphatha kwezinto zokuthunywa futhi kusobala ukuthinta imali yokucleana kwezilahlaho zonke kusisitemu.

Khetha nokhetha izikhukhi zokugqila ngeminyaka: i-Jaw, i-Cone, ne-Impact ukufumana ukuguqula kwemithambo ekhethweyo

Iminyaka yokuqala: Ukubeka isikhukhi se-Jaw ngokubasede kwenqamutho yokufa, isilinganiso se-P80 sokuguqula, nokuphelela kwemisebenzi ukusobala kwezinkqubo zokugqila ezinamandla

Kodwakuba kusetyenziswa imithombo esikhulu, emihlubiyo, enenzi kakhulu ukuthi iphakamise ngaphezulu kwe-150 MPa yokuqondisa, akukho noma yiphi indlela eyinkulu kunezinhlobo zokugcina izihlangothi (jaw crushers) kuzo zonke izindlela zokugcina okokuqala. Ukufumana isikhundla esifanele sokugcina sibonisa ukuthi isikhundla sokufaka sifanana nezinhlobo zemithombo esizofakwa khona. Abaqondi abaningi bafindile ukuthi ukugcina imithombo yokufaka ngaphezulu kwe-80% yendawo yokufaka (gape dimension) kuyasebenza kahle kubhekisele kuukuthi kungabikho ukugcina kanye nokuthi kufuna ukuthi kubhaleke kahle. Ukubheka umlinganiselo wokugcina kwe-P80 kusiza ekubhaleni inani lezinhlobo zezinhlobo zokugcina ezinconywa. Ngokuchaza kahle, lokhu kubhekisa kuhambisana kwesayizi yemithombo yokufaka nokuthi 80% yezinhlobo zokugcina zihamba ngaphansi kwesayizi yesikrini esithile. Izinhlobo zezinhlobo zokugcina ezenza umlinganiselo omkhulu wokugcina zidinga amasiko amakhulu kakhulu kanye nezinhlobo zezihlangothi zomanganese ozoba nempilo ende. Kumaqondo apho izinhlobo zezinhlobo zokugcina zidinga ukusebenza ngqo ngqo, abathengi bafokusela kumazinyo njengezinyo ezikhulu kakhulu, izinqumo zokulungisa ukuphakama ngokwezilwanyana, kanye nezinyo zezihlangothi ezinamandla okuvikela ukuvikela. Lezi zinqumo zisiza izinhlobo zezinhlobo zokugcina ukusebenza kahle kumaqondo awenziwe ngamandla we-silica, futhi iziphakamiso zasekhaya zibonisa ukuthi izindawo zokugcina zinakwakha ukuthi zibeka ukuthi kuzobikwa ngokungafanele ngaphezulu kwe-22% uma bazithenga izinhlobo zezinhlobo zokugcina eziphakamile kakhulu kanye noma zingafanele kakhulu kusukela kwezinhlobo ezincane.

Izinguquko zesibili / sesithathu: Umshwabhashi wokugqibela vs. umshwabhashi wokugqibela wesikhathi sokuphakama (HSI) — ukubalansha ukulingana kwezinto ezincinci, ubukhulu bekuthi yiziphi izinto eziphakeme, nokuthi yiziphi izinto ezihlukene kwezinto zokusebenza kwezinto eziphakeme

Izindlela zokuphatha kwesibili nezinesithathu ziyizindlela ezinokuthi izihlakalo zizobuyiselwa kuzo zonke izimpendulo zabo. Izicrusher zokufaka emaphakathini (cone crushers) zenzela ngempumelelo ukwenza lezi ziqondi zezinhlobo zokubili (cubical shaped particles) nezinkimbinkimbi ezingafana nge-15% ezihlukene kwe-4mm. Lezi ziqondi ziyasebenza kahle kumixesha wokubeka amandla okukhula (premium concrete mixes), kodwa zibiza imali kakhulu ngoba iziliner zihlukana kahle xa zisemthwakweni wokusebenza ngezinhlobo eziphakathi kwezinkimbinkimbi. Izicrusher zokuvuka kwezikhala zokuvuka (Horizontal shaft impactors), okanye izi-HSI njengoba sizivuma, zenza ukulungisa izinhlobo ngempumelelo futhi zinokuxhumana nokugcina ukuguqula kwezinhlobo zokusebenza. Umphumela wokugcina? Zinokwenza inkimbinkimbi ezingaphezu kwe-10–30% kunezicrusher zokufaka emaphakathini. Kumaqondo angazange abe yinkimbinkimbi kakhulu kwezikhala zokusebenza, izi-HSI zingabiza imali engaphezu kwe-40% ngalithonjwa lapho kuzikhiphisa iziliner zokusebenza kunazo zicrusher zokufaka emaphakathini. Kodwa ugcine uma ubeka umqondo onenqaba yokuphatha (abrasiveness index) iphezu kwe-0.6 — lokho ke lapho umphumela wokubiza imali uphuma. Ukukhetha phakathi kwezi zinhlobo ziyaphenduka ngokuchaza kuhle umqondo ofanele ukuphatha futhi ukuthi imali engakanani okufanele kusiswe kumsebenzi wokulungisa.

• Izinqambu zokufaka izinto (izikonkele ukufaka kwezikhala, HSI ukufaka kwezinkambu)
• Ukuphathwa kwezinkambu (HSI kuzindlela zokufaka ezincane, izikonkele kuzindlela zokufaka eziphezulu)
• I-Total cost of ownership (ukubalansha izinyathelo zokugcina, amandla, nokuhleleka)

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

Kungani okunye ngokufaka izinto nokusebenza kahle kwezindawo zokugcina?

Ukufaka izinto nokusebenza kahle kungafakwa ngokusebenzisa ukuthi amandla okugcina ayisisekelo sokuhamba kwamathambo, ukunciphula izindawo zokuvulwa, ukunciphula izindawo zokuguqula, nokuhlela izinkambu zokuguqula. Lokhu kunciphula ukusetshenziswa kwamandla, isikhathi sokuhlala kokuhleleka, nokuthi kubhala izivumo, futhi kusabela ekunciphuleni izimali.

Ubudlezana phakathi kwezikonkele nezimpilo zokugcina ezingaphansi kwesikhala?

Izikonkele ziyisifundo esihle ukwenza izinto zezikhala nekufika emixweleni yezinkambu zokufaka kwezinkambu, kodwa zinamandla okugcina amaningi kwezinto ezinamandla. Ngaphandle kwalokho, izimpilo zokugcina ezingaphansi kwesikhala zinamandla okufaka okuhlelwa kwezinkambu nokuphatha ukuguqula okukhulu, zinamandla okugcina angaphezulu kodwa zibhala izinkambu eziningi.

Kufanele ngibheke nini ngokwakha indawo yokugquba?

Ngokwakha kwe isivathelwano sokugcina , kubalulekile ukucacisa izinqumo zomsebenzi ngokuphelele, futhi kuzokwenzeka ukubhala amathuluzi, imithwalo yamathuluzi, nokubhekana nezinkinga zendawo. Izinto ezifanele ukubhekwa ziyizindlela zokuphatha kusasa, ubukhulu bomthwalo wamathuluzi, nokubhekana nezindlela zokugquba kufanele zibhekwe ukuze kuchazwe izithuluzi ezifanele kanye nokuvikela izinkinga zasemva.