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Igolide elibonakala kahle kwezindiza nezisandla, ngakho ke isikhombiso sesiqhelo sesigolide sisebenza kuzo zonke izinkampani zokususa, ukuchitha, nokugcina igolide ngokusebenzisa umthwalo wokuphatha, kodwa akasewu kuzo zonke izinkampani zokubeka amathambo. Isiqhelo esisheshayo sokugolide esibonakalayo kufuna isikhombiso esisewu kususa, kuchitha, kuhlanganisa, nokubuyela igolide encane ngokuthi yilapho yilapho. Isikhombiso esihle sisebenza ngokulingana nesilinganiso sezindiza, ubukhulu bezindlela, nokukhula kwamanzi okwenzeka kuleli qhelo.
Kungani izindawo zokugolide eziphambili zifuna isikhombiso esahlukene
Ukuthi igolide esibonakalayo kubhekwa kanjani emhlabeni
Inkinga yonke yokusebenzisa izinkampani zokukhupha igolide kufanele ibegine ngokuthi igolide ithi kusendaweni. Igolide yase-Alluvial isemthwakathini wasezinye izibhambo zemiyalelo, emaphalayini wokufuduka kwemiyalelo, kanye nezincili zemkhosi lomhlaba apho umfula wabuyisela amathambo amabi. Igolide ibonakala njengezincili nezincili ezincinci eziphakanyiswa kumchaka kanye nezincili zemkhosi lomhlaba, akalungisekile njengezincili zemithwakathi yomkhosi wokubhala. Ngakho-ke ukubuyisela kubegine ngokulibhala: ukuvula umchaka wokubhala ukuze igolide engeziwe iphinde ikhulele ngokuphelele ekupheleni kokugcina. Ukuzihlukanisa lokhu kushiya isilinganiso esikhulu sezinga lokugcina kusendlulweni sokuhlinzeka.
Apho umgqa wokusebenza kwezinhlobo zomkhosi wokubhala uyafelwa
Isikhombiso sesigolide sokubeka amathambo sisibona ukuthi amathambo kufanele abekwe kabusha ngaphambi kokubuyela, okuyisiphephelo sesenergy kumathuba awangafanele. Okuphambili, izikhombiso zesicelo sejaw necone ziyabulawa ngokubeka amathambo esibonakalayo esinamanzi futhi ziyavula igolide encane ukuze ibe yintambo. Izinkampani zokugolide ezisebenzisa izindawo zokugolide esibonakalayo zisibona ukuthi amathambo ayisizinda kahle, ngakho ke isikhombiso sibeka amathambo ngokucindezela kancane futhi sibuyela ngokuthe ngaphambi. Ukulungisa isikhombiso nesilinganiso sezindawo zokugolide kusivumela ukuthi sibuyele igolide kanye nokunciphisa izindleko zokusebenza ngokugcina kwezinqakathi zokusebenza.
Isigaba esiphakeme sokuthenga kwezindlela zokuthenga
Ukufaka nokuthatha izinto ezinkulu kakhulu
Ithramu liqala ngokuthi kubhala isibonelo sokugcina ukuthi kubhala izinkundla zokugcina nokuthi kubhala umkhakha kusuka kwe-trommel scrubber. Iscrubber isobala umkhakha ngokuthi kubhala amanzi okukhupha ukuze kuvuleke izinkundla zokugcina futhi kuvuleke igold engaphakathi, emva kwalokho kubhala umkhakha owashwe kusuka kusikrini. Umgubho wokubhala kwe-drum nokubhala kwamalifter kubhala ukuthi umkhakha ubhala kangakanani; ukubhala okungafanele kubhala izinkundla zokugcina, futhi ukubhala okuphezulu kubhala izigwinya ezinokuthengwa yiklayenti. Le yisikhathi esibhala ukuthi igold ibhala kangakanani ekufakweni kwe-concentrators emuva, ngakho ke kubhala kusuka kwe-sample test, akubhali kusuka kwe-catalogue guess.
Ukubhala kanye nesikhathi se-trommel
Emva kokusukuma, isikrini sesikhuba isilwane ngokubhala kwezindawo, esibiza izinkulu kwezinto ezingafanele kanye nesiqondiso sezinkambo ezinamandla. Ukukhetha ukubhala kwesikrini kufanele kubhekisele kubhala lwesikhungo, ngoba izinkambo zezinkambo ziyabhalwa kumazwi amathathu okubhala. Isikrini esihle sivumela umsitho wokuphatha ukuba yisikhungo esikhulu kanye nokuthi isibizo sibe yisikhungo esihle, okuvula umkhondo wokugcina emlandweni elandelayo. Izisikrini ezihlanganisiweyo zivumela abantu bakusebenza ngokushintana uma isikhungo sishintana, kanye nokuguqula ukubhala kwezinkambo ngokushesha ukuthi akukho kushintana okungafanele okuhlela ukuthi kubhekiswe kwezinkambo ezihle.
Ukuphatha: isluice, isikrini yesikhungo, nesishaker
Isiquasho sisa kusukela kubuyisela ngokwezinye zezinto. Isibhakabhaka sokugcina silisebenzisa amasiko nezinqamuzi ezincane ukuze zihlale izinto ezingabi ngezinye ngaphansi kwemvula ekhupha kuzo, ngakho-ke isiquasho sokugcina esihlukanayo sesigqila ukuthi isiquasho sikhuphele kumthwalo wokugcina ngokwezinye zezinto ukuze isigqila sokugcina sikhuphele kumthwalo wokugcina ngokwezinye zezinto. Isitayebhile sokushaya emuva kuye kuhlanza isiquasho sasephakathi. Izinkampani zokugcina izinto ezingabi ngezinye kulemnyango zihlanganiswa ngokwezinye zezinto, ngoba ukungafani kwenza ukuthi isiquasho sikhuphele kumthwalo wokugcina ngokwezinye zezinto futhi kuhlanza isigqila sokugcina ngokwezinye zezinto. Ukulandelela izinhlunga ezintathu kuyenza ukuthi izinhlunga zezinye zezinto nezinhlunga zezinye zezinto zihlale kusukela kubuyisela ngokwezinye zezinto.
Isicelo sesifundo esiphakathi esiphakathi esiphakathi esiphakathi
Umbono wokubhala nokuphindeleka okwenzekayo
Umsebenzisi wokuthengisa wadlala umdlalo omncane kwenhlabathi yamazibuko apho ukuphatha ngokugcina kwakabonisa amaphakade kodwa isithombe esisuselwe sasiphelela kakhulu. Isikhundla sokufaka sibe yinkunkuma eyingcwele nesikhalipho esikhulu, futhi isithombe esisuselwe sisiphumela kwezinkunkuma ngokuphuma kwezinkunkuma ezingcwele. Umlilo wabekwe kancane, futhi umkhungisi wadinga isithombe esihambayo esingahambela ngalonga lomgqa njengoba izihloko zihambela. Ukubuyela kufanele kuvuleke ngaphandle kokubeka isithombe esingavunyelwe, ngoba isithombe sasivumela kuphela ukusebenza kwezinsuku zokushisa, futhi singahambelwa.
Izinketho ezinikezwe nokuphuma kazo
Umbhali wabeka amathuba okukhokha izinkampani zokukhokha igolide njengezinqubo ezihambayo: itrommel scrubber, isluice box, nesicentifugal concentrator esikweskid. Ukuskwaba kwalibala amafleki athiwe, isluice yasusa igolide enkulu, futhi isicentifugal yasusa indawo encane eyayisuswa yisikhombisa esidala. Isikhombisa sesiphakeme kakhulu kunezimboni zokuphatha ngendlela yokuphatha, futhi sasebenza ngomkhumbuzo omncane wamanzi. Umthengisi wabuyela wabuyela lezinqubo kumkhumbuzo wokusebenza kwezinsuku zokushisa, wabonisa ukuthi umkhumbuzo wasebenza kahle kabusha ngaphambi kokuthi abebe nokuthenga izinto ezingaphezulu.
Ukukhetha, ukubona ukuthi kufanele kube yini, nokuhlela kubathengi
Kufanele ubheke nini ngaphambi kokuthenga
Abathengisi besithuthi sokugqaza izinkampani kufanele bahlangele isethi kumkhakha wemadluli nezinkomba zokuzihlola, emva koko bavakalishe ukuthi kuyaphakama kanjani nokuthi kufuneke kubekwe amanzi. Bafune ukuthi kwenziwe umsebenzi wokuvakashela kusampulu esibonakalayo, ngoba izigraidi eziyabizwa zingakwazi ukuthi ziyisiphi uma akazivakalisi. Bahlale bahlombele izinto zokusebenza ezihlukene njengezilayini zokugqaza nezibhola zokugqaza kusuka kwezinye izinto, ngoba ukuphatha kwezinye izinto kuyakhuluma ngamaxesha okusebenza. Bavakalishe ukuthi isithuthi asisebenze ngokusetshenziswa kwemeri, okungabikho kubhekwa phansi kwe-Convention yaseMinamata, futhi ukuthi ubukhulu bakho buya kuhlanganiswa nesiqhelo se-ISO 9001 ukuthi kwenziwe ngendlela efanele nokuthi kubhalwe ngokuphelele.
Ukusebenza nokuhlola
Abasebenzi bakhangelwa ukuthi bakholelwe kubhodi yamaphoyisa nokuthumela kwesikhumba sokuphakama, bavula isikhathi sokufaka kabusha ngaphambi kokukhula kakhulu. Ukuchekwa kwezikholwa ngeminyaka yezicabha zokugcina nokuthatha kwezibhodi zokuphakama kubhekisa ukuthi kuyathwala ukuthi kusenziwa ukuthwala okungcono kwezintloko. Ukuthatha isikhumba phakathi kwezifunda kuvikela ukuthi kuzokhula kwezinhlobo. Ukulandela amalungiselelo ase-OSHA ngokuthatha kwezindawo eziphakeme nezindawo eziphakeme kanye nokuthatha kwezindawo eziphakeme kubhekisa ukuthi abasebenzi bakholelwe kubhodi yamaphoyisa nokuthatha kwezindawo eziphakeme, futhi ukuthatha isikhumba esincane ngisho lomuso ubusuku kubhekisa ukuthi kusenziwa ukuthwala okungcono kwezinhlobo.
Izinkampani zokuthenga kwezindlela zokuthenga ziyasebenza uma isigaba sifanana nesikhumba, akasenziwa uma izinkampani zingaphezu kwezinhlobo. Isikhumba, isicabha, isikhumba, kanye nesikhumba sokuphakama sibonakaliswa njengesigaba esisodwa sokuthenga kwezindlela zokuthenga kubonakalisa ukuthi kusenziwa ukuthenga kwezinhlobo ezincane kunezinhlobo zokuthenga zokuthenga.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa
Umbuzo
Izinkampani ziphi ezinokwenza isigaba esiphakeme sokuthenga kwezindlela zokuthenga?
Impendulo: Isigaba esiphakathi sikhona kusukela ku-grizzly feeder, ku-trommel scrubber, ku-classifying screen, ku-sluice box, nokwekho kwesibhakabhaka sokugcina (centrifugal concentrator), nesitayibhile yokuchitha (shaking table). Amaphlantshi amaningi achitha i-thickener ukuze abuyise amanzi. Isigaba esihle siyafana ngokwesifunda sezinkulungwane zemithambo nezinkulungwane zezinye izinto, ngakho-ke abasolwa bakhala isigaba esihle ngokwesampulu esihle esibonisa izinto ezihle, akaboni isigaba esihle sokubhekisana ngezinye izinto.
Umbuzo
Kungani i-scrubber ibalulekile kune-crusher kuzo zonke izindlela zokuthola igold yasezinsizini?
Impendulo: Umkhomo wokuthola igold yasezinsizini uyasekhiwe kahle, ngakho-ke isifundo siyilokhu sokuhlanganisa, akusiyo ukuthintela imithambo. I-trommel scrubber ithintela izimbhakabhaka zemithambo nezinkulungwane zokuthola izinkulungwane zokuthola igold ephakeme okungatholakali ngokuthintela imithambo. Ukuthinta kabusha kusiza ukuthola igold emhlabeni futhi kusiza ukuthola igold emhlabeni ngokuphelele, okunika ukuthola igold ngokuphelele ngaphandle kokuthintela imithambo ngokuphelele.
Umbuzo
I-centrifugal concentrator ithola igold emhlabeni kanjani?
Impendulo: Ibhola ibhula ngokukhula kwe-G-force, ibuyisa izinkampani zomgolide eziningi ngaphandle kwezinye zokugcina, ngakho-ke isilura esincane siphuma ngaphandle. Ngamahora amathathu ama-60, ibhola libuka futhi libhala umkhawulo wokugcina. Ukubhalwa kwezinkampani zokugcina nokubalwa kwezilwane zokugcina kubalulekile, ngoba ukubhalwa kakhulu kusenziwa ukuba umkhawulo wokugcina usenziwe ngokuncane futhi kusinika umgolide omncane ukuthi aphume ngaphandle kwezinye zokugcina, okusenziwa ukuba ubude bokugcina buhle busenziwe ngokuncane.
Umbuzo
Yiziphi izirhulumente zokuvimbela ukusebenzisa i-mercury ekugcineni komgolide?
Impendulo: I-Minamata Convention iyavimbela ukusebenzisa i-mercury emagcineni asezingeni elincane nasezinsukwini zomgolide, ngakho-ke izindawo zokugcina zasezinsukwini zisivimba ukusebenzisa ukugcina ngokufaka. Ukujabulisa kwezindawo zokugcina nokubhalwa kwezinto zokugcina kuyafanana ne-ISO 9001, ngakho-ke isikhungo sokuhlela kwezindawo zokugcina zokugcina ngokufana ne-OSHA guidance. Abathengi kufanele bavumile ukuthi indawo yokuqala yasemthethweni ngaphambi kokuthenga indawo yokuqala yekugcina kusukela kumthengi, ngoba izirhulumente ziyahlinzekile ngokuphakeme kwezindawo.
Umbuzo
Ngakho-ke izindawo zokugcina zomgolide zokuzwa zingasebenza ngokugcina kwamanzi angu-60?
Impendulo: Yebo. Izikhombisa zokusebenza ngokugcina zisebenzisa indlela encane yokubuyela kwindawo eyodwa ngezinkamba zokugcina ukuze amanzi ayodwa ayagcina isikhathi eside ngaphandle kokufika kwezinye izindawo. Izindlela zokusukuma nokuphatha kuzoba zihlukaniswe ngokuhambisana nalesi sikhombisa, futhi abantu bakhubeka amanzi kahle ukusukela kwezinye izindawo. Lezi zikhombisa zokufumana igolide ziyasebenza kubantu obuhlakani kanye nezindawo ezinamandla okuhambisa apho isikhombisa esisodwa asikwazi ukulandela umthombo.