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Ukusukwa kwemithombo yezinkulungwane kusebenzisa amanzi amaningi angu-amanzi emhlabeni kwezinkinga zokugqibela, kodwa izinkulungwane zokusukwa zezinkulungwane zisiza ukunciphisa lokho ngokubuyela amanzi efanayo ngendlela yokubuyela. Isand washer esihlukile ishiya indawo yonke yamanzi akayisebenzisa njengeslurry, ngakho-ke umkhosi owenziwe ngokubuyela amanzi uyabuyela ku-tank yokufaka. Isigaba phakathi kwezindlela zombili sikhala ukuthi kuzoba yiminyaka yokusebenza nokuthi kuzoba yisifundo sokuvimbela kwezinkinga zokusebenza kwezinkinga zokusebenza. Ukuvimbela lokho kuzoba yisifundo sokudesign, akuyiyo isifundo sokugcina.
Inkinga yamanzi kwezinkinga zokusebenza zezinkulungwane
Yini esebenzisa isand washer esihlukile
Amasite okusebenza ngaphandle kwezinkambo zokususa izibonakaliso zokuphatha izinto ezihlukene zokubuyisela kuzo ziyathintana ngokuphelele kwamandla amahhamu okuhamba kwezibonakaliso, okuthintana nezincili, izibonakaliso zokufinyeza, nokuthintana nezinto ezingafinyeziyo kumkhumbi wemithombo. Amaphlanti athakelwe ngokuthi amandla ayodlula ngaphandle kwezibonakaliso ayisebenza kusuka kumfula, kusuka kwezibhamu, noma kusuka kwezindawo zokuthengisa amandla, futhi ayavumela ukuthi amandla amahhamu aya kusuka kumkhumbi. Kusuka kumkhumbi wokuthenga 200 t/h, lokhu kungaba yizinkambo eziningi zemililita ngamahora, amandla amahhamu angasebenzi ngaphandle kokubuyiselwa kumkhumbi. Ithekhini liyabonakala kabili: kubhili yamandla, futhi kuzo zinkambo ezidingayo ukuthi zihlanganiswe ngaphansi.
Ngani amandla amahhamu nezibonakaliso ziyakwenzela ukuthi zibe yisixazululo sokuvumela ukusebenza
Ukuvula ukukhupha kwenza izinto ezimbili ezingazihlukaniswa ngamaphakathi okuthenga. Okokuqala, isluri sibhala amasolide amancane esiyakho emadreni nezinsila zokuhlala, kubhekisa amabheku wokulungisa imfundo yezinhloso. Okwesibili, umnandi wokukhupha uyalahla ukusebenza kwesayithi yonke ngeminyaka yokuqhubeka uma imikhumbi yezinsila ziyakhala. Amasayithi esebenzisa isimo sokulungisa imfundo yezinhloso yase-ISO 14001 ayathatha lokhu njengomthwalo othuluzi, ngoba ukukhupha okungathuluzi kungalungiselela ukusebenza.
Ukuthi i-quipment yokususa amagweba yasezinsizini iyakhupha kanjani
Ukusebenzisa i-wheel bucket ne-spiral washing ngokwempilo
Isigaba sesibili sisebenzisa ukuthwasa kwezinto ezihlukene ngokusebenzisa ukuthwasa kwemithambo. Isikhumba sokuthwasa sibhala izinto eziyisilungile kuze kube phezulu kwezinye zezibhalo, ngakho-ke izinkolo ezincane ziyadlula phansi, futhi isikhumba sokuthwasa sifaka isikhathi eside sokuhlala kwezinto ezinconywa. Izinkampani zezibhalo zokuthwasa zasezinsukwini zihlanganisa isikhumba sokuthwasa nesikhathi sokuthwasa esihambisana nokugcina kwezinto ezihlukene, ngakho-ke ukuthwasa kususa amakhanda ngaphandle kokuthwasa izinto ngokuphakeme. Amathuba amuhle ayisize ukuthi isikhumba sibe yisikhathi esifanele ukuthi isebenze ngokuphelele ngaphansi kwezibhalo, ngakho-ke ukuthi isebenze ngokuphakeme kwezibhalo kanye nokuthinteka kwezibhalo.
Ukubuyela amasandhi amancane nokugcina kwezibhalo ngokusebenzisa i-hydrocyclone
Izisandu ezihle zokugcina ziyadlula ngokuphambuka kwezinye zezibhambo zokususa izinto ezingavumelekileyo. Isithuthi sezisandu esihle sifakwa emkhombini wokuhlanza, apho umthelela wokugcina ukwahlula izisandu ezinokusebenziswa futhi nezindiza zokuhlanza. Ukubuyisa lezi zisandu kwenza izinto ezimbili ngokufanekayo: kubuyisa iprodukthi eyinokuthengwa futhi kunciphisa ubunzima bezinto ezingavumelekileyo okufika emtankeni yamanzi. Isipunto sokucincipha sikhethwa kusukela kuzinhlobo zokugcina ezizimiselwe kubo, ngoba ukuthumela izinto ezingabi nje zokugcina kumkhombi wokuhlanza kuyabulawa umthelela wokuphuma kwebhomphe futhi ukuthumela okuncane kuyasisa imali ekutshintsheni kwezinto ezingavumelekileyo. Amaphlanti athi ayisebenzisi ukubuyisa kufa ngezindlela zokususa izinto ezingavumelekileyo ozinokuthenga.
Itanki yokuthintisa futhi isibhambo sokubuyisela amanzi
Isibonelo sesikhathi sokuthintela kuyisikhathi sokubuyela emuva. Emva kokugqibela kwesikhathi sokugqibela, umnini wamanzi amancane awufika emtankeni yokuthintela apho izinto ezingaphansi ziyadlala kanye nomnini wamanzi omhlophe uyadlula emtankeni yamanzi amhlophe. Lamanzi ayathakelwa emuva kuma-washer, ngakho-ke umnini wamanzi omtsha oyadlula kuphela ukusukela kwe-evaporation nokuthintela kwe-moisture yeprodukti. Isikhathi sokuthintela kwe-aggregate esifanayo sibuyela emuva kumanzi ayo asebenzayo ngalokho ngalokho, futhi isilinganiso sokugcina kuyizinto ezikhiphayo kwe-aggregate ezihlukanisiwe. Lokhu kucabanga kwe-closed design kuyakuhlukanisa ilayini yezinkampani zasezinsukwini noma yilayini yezinkampani zasezinsukwini.
Isibonelo sesifundo esiphakathi kwelayini yamanzi yegranite
Umbono wokubhala nokuphindeleka okwenzekayo
Umugqa wokuphatha amathambo emagandhi kwezindawo ephakeme, engaphandle kwezilwane, wasebenzisa isand washer eyodwa ethulileyo ukwenza isand ethengisiwe. Umphakathi wakho wabeka umkhala wokuthintela amaqhina ngomnyaka ngokuphakeme, futhi umgwaqo wabuyisela kumkhala ngokuphakeme ngaphandle kokuthi kubhekwa kwezifinye zokuthengiswa ezihlukile kwezibuko. Ukuphatha kwakha kususwa ngeminyaka lapho ilevel yeborehole ibele. Ithimba libefuna ukugcina ukuphatha kwe-250 t/h ngaphandle kokuthinta amanzi angaphezu kwalokho, futhi akakwazi ukunquma ipond yokuqinisa ngoba indawo iyaphakathi kwezindawo zokuhlela izilwane.
Isiphumo sokuzikhipha nokubhalwa kwesiphumo
Umsebenzisi wadangele indawo yokususa amasiko amancane: isithuthi sokususa amasiko, isithuthi sokubuyisela amasiko amancane nesikhombisa sokuphakamisa amasiko okunye nesithuthi esincane sokuphakamisa amasiko esifanayo nesiphambili sokubuyisela. Ngomnyaka wokuqala umgqa waphikisana nokuthembekile kakhulu ngokuthi wabuyisela amanzi amasha ngokushesha, ngoba amanzi asuswe abuyisela kumgqa ngaphandle kokuthi balethe njengamasiko. Amasiko abuyiselwe akhuthaza futhi ukuthi amasiko atholakalayo ayisandla. Indawo yabo yasekodwa manje ibhala ngeminyaka yokuqala ephambili ekhuluma ngokuthi izindawo ziyashutheka, futhi amasiko asekhulunyweni abuyiselwe ngokujwayelekile ngaphandle kokuthi abuyiselwe ngokungajwayelekile.
Ukuthenga nokuzivikela ukuthi kufundwa kahle
Kufanele ubheke nini ngaphambi kokuthenga
Abathengi kufanele bavumile ukuthi indawo yonke yokuqhubeka kuyasebenza ngokubuyiselwa, akukho mthwalo wokusebenzisa kuphela. Buzani umbhali wokubala kwamandla wezilwanyana okuphela noma kusuka kwezinye izindawo, futhi hlolela ukuthi ubungako bendawo yokugcina kuyafanana nomkhakha wokugcina. Hlolela amapharti okugcina njengezibhokisi, izihlathi, nezinhlobo zezikhala zokugcina, ngoba ukugcina kuyadlula isikhathi sokusebenza. Buzani amaphosti kwezindawo ezenza izinto ezifanayo nokufa kanye neklima, ngoba izinkampani zokusebenzisa izinkampani zokugcina zokugcina ezisayishwa kulezi zindawo zokugcina kuzoba yizinkinga lapho amanzi ayisikhe. Ukulandela i-OSHA yokuhamba ngokuvutha kwezindawo ezinamansi kuyadingeka ukuze abantu basebenzi bakhululekile.
Ukusebenzisa noma ukudala izinqumo zokusha
Abasebenzi bakhangela ukuthi indlela yokuqhubeka iyisisekelo ngokujabula ngokubona ubunzima bomgodi wokubuyela futhi ubunzima bomgodi wokuphuma. Ukudluliswa kwe-flocculant kufanele kubhekiswe emva kwezifinesi zokufika, akukho sibalo sokugcina, noma isitayela sibekwe phakade. Ukuchaza izilayini zamacyclone nezibhodlela zokuchaza ngeminyaka yezinkulungwane kubhekisa ukuthi kusebenza kangakanani kabusha ngaphambi kokuthi kusheleke umgodi. Ukususa nokucwabela isitayela sokuclean ngamatshe ayo abe ngezikhathi zokuzimela kususa ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kubekwe kwezibhodlela okukhombisa ukuthi kusheleke umgodi. Ukubhalwa kwezinhlobo zokudluliswa nokubunzima ngalokho ngalokho kubhekisa ukuthi kusebenza kangakanani kabusha, ngakho-ke amapharti asuka ngaphambi kokuthi kusheleke, akukho ngemuva kokuthi kusheleke.
Amashini okucwashwa kwezindawo zokuhlanganisa zihlanganisa ukubuyela ngokuthi kunciphise ukuthenga kwamanzi futhi ukuthi kubhekise ukuthi kusebenza kangakanani kabusha lapho imithwalo yokuhlala ayikwazi ukuthi kuthengiswe. Ukuvalela indlela yokuqhubeka kuyibeka njengendlela eyenzelwe ukuthi kubhekise ukuthi kusebenza kangakanani kabusha ngokuthi kubhekise ukuthi kusebenza kangakanani kabusha, ngakho-ke yonke into yokuhlanganisa iyasebenza ngokuthi kubhekise ukuthi kusebenza kangakanani kabusha.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa
Umbuzo
Kuphi amanzi angatholakala ngokusebenzisa isitayela sokubuyela ngokulingana nesitayela sokucwashwa kwezandawo zokuhlala?
Impendulo: Umkhondo owavulwe kakhulu uvumela amanzi asebenzayo akhutshwa kabusha emawashishini ngalinye ilinye, ngakho-ke ukungena kwamanzi entsha kufika emlandweni wokuphela kokuvula nokuhlanjwa kwamanzi. Amakhono ovulwe ayathwala le manzi njengeslurry. Ukuthabatha okuphele kuyiphakade kubhekana nezinhlobo zemithambo yeklay nesimo sezulu, kodwa amaphoyisa abhala ukuthi ukuthabatha kwamanzi kucinde kakhulu emva kokudala isitanki sokuthintwa nempumpa yokubuyisela ekhombisa umkhondo wokuphela kwezinye.
Umbuzo
Kungani ukuthintwa kwamanzi amancane kubalulekile emkhondweni yokuvulwa?
Impendulo: Amawashisha amancane ayavula amancane okuthengiswa emvula, okuyisivumo sokuthenga futhi uyabeka isitanki samanzi ngamandla. I-hydrocyclone ithinta le mancane ngokuseparata ngokwekholo, ibuyisela imali futhi iyancinde isiludge esihambelana emlandweni wokuhlanya. Ukukhetha okuphele kwe-cut-point kubalances impumpa yamanzi ngokuthintwa okuphele, ngakho-ke umkhondo uhlala unomphumela njengoba izinhlobo zokuthengiswa ziyagcina.
Umbuzo
Iziphi izistanda ezengezwe kumandla wezinto ezihambelana namanzi wawashisha esikhundleni?
Impendulo: Ukuphatha izinhlayo zokugcina kusebenzisa ISO 14001 ukulandela ukuthi izilwane zokugcina zihambelana njani, ngakho-ke izimali zokugcina zasekhaya ziyimfuneko yezimali zokugcina. Izindawo eziqhubekayo ngamafuta nezinkinga zokufinyelela kuzo ziyisikhundla se-OSHA sokuphatha izindawo ngokuphelele ukuthi zibe nzima ukusebenza kule ndawo. Abathengi baya kubhekisisa imithetho yasezwe kabefore ukudesigna, ngoba izimali zihlukana ngeminyaka yokuqhubeka kwezinsuku ezinjele kanye nezindawo nezimo zezibuko.
Umbuzo
Ukuthi isitanki sokuthintisa siphatha njani ukuthi sibe nesikhundla sokubuyela esihlukile?
Impendulo: Abasebenzi bahlola ubunzima bezilwane zokubuyela kanye nezinkumbu zokuhamba emzini, bavula ukuthi kubizwa kwe-flocculant kubona izilwane ezinjele kungaphandle kokuthi kubizwa ngokuthintisa kahle. Ukubhekisisa izilayini nezisikrini ngomshabele wokusha kubonisa ukuthi kusenjini kahle, futhi ukuthinta okuplanwayo kuvula ukuthi kungabonakali kwezinkumbu zokubuyela. Ukusebenza okuphathelene nokuthintisa kubonisa ukuthi isikhundla sokubuyela siyasebenza kahle futhi sivumela ubukhulu bephrojekthi, ngakho-ke amalayishi wezishwa ziyabonisa xa izilayini ziyadingeka ukubuyiselwa.
Umbuzo
Izinqobo zokucwashwa kwezinkumbu zingasebenza lapho amanzi ayisifanayo?
Impendulo: Yebo. I-wheel bucket washer encane, i-fine sand recovery unit, kanye ne-small thickening tank zisiza umgqa wokusebenza emazweni okuphakanyiswa ukuba aqiniseke ukuphatha isiphumo ngaphandle kokukhupha ukungena kwemvelo. Amasand etholeni kususa amasand atholakele kuzisa ukuthola kwezithengiselwano, futhi ukulandela ukuthulwa kuyishintsha ukuthulwa okungakhathalelwa kwezibuko. Isikhundla esifanayo sisebenza ngeminyaka yokuqala esingasebenzi ngaphandle kwezibuko zokubuka.