EN
Ukufunda Kwemithambo Kwenza Isibonelo Sokubanga
Ukufunda kumangalisa okuhle kuyakwakha isiphumo esingasemthwakathini kuqala ukuthi kungakanani okukhululekile ukuthi kwenziwe. Ukuplanisha i-Projekthi Yokugcina Amathambama Iqala ngaphambi kokuba kuchazwe umodeli wokugcina amathambama, ngoba lokhu kufunda kuyaphendula umbuzo wethi iprojekthi yokuqala, isivikela, nesikhundla singasebenza ngokuphelele ngokuthi kuyakwakha izinto ezizokwenziwa. Abavumeli abayishaya lokhu kufunda kuyabona ukuthi izinto zokuphatha ziyahlukana ngokuphathelene noma kusenziwa ukuthi kubhuyiswe amathambo. Ukuplanisha okuphelele kuyakuncamisa indlela ukuze kubhalelwe ukuthi kuyakwakha amathambama okwesibili.
Ngani Ukufunda Kwemithambo Kuyadefinisa Isiphumo
Ukuqondisa ukuthi kufanele kwenziwe iprojekthi yokugcoba amathambo kuyaphendula eminye yezifundo zokwemukela ukuthi kubhekwe izindawo ezintathu: ubungakanani bezinto ezingenwa, ubungakanani bezinhlobo zezinto ezizokwenzwa, nokunye kwezinsuku zokusebenza ngonyaka. Isifundo esingasizi kanye kwezi zinto ziyofuna ukuthi kwenziwe kabusha nokuthi kuzosha izindlela ezinkulu. Abaqondi bafanele bakhiphe ubungakanani bezinto ezinokuthengwa, bahlalele izinkampani zezindawo, bavumise ukuthi kuzobhalwa kuma-roads noma kuma-port. Le ndaba ibhala futhi izindlela zokuthenga nokuphinda kubuyela umkhondo, ngakho ke abasebenzi nabazalisi bakhuluma ngokufanayo ngaphambi kokuthi kwenziwe into yokuqala. Ukuthi kubhekwe isikhundla sokusebenza kusiza ukuthi akubeki isitolo esikhulu kakhulu esithwala amandla kakhulu noma isitolo esincane kakhulu esingakwazi ukuthola iziqhelo zokuthengiswa.
Ukubhalwa kwezindawo nokuvumisa
Ukubhalwa kwezindawo zokusebenza kubhala ubude, amazwe okufika, isibonelo sesiliva, nokuphakamisa umbhubha wokusebenza. Lezi zinto zizodlala ukuthi izindlela zokusebenza zizoba yini nokuthi izithombe zokusebenza zizoba yini. Amasosha abomvu azodinga izihloko zokugcina; isandla esincane azodinga izihloko eziningi. Ukuvumela kudlala isikhathi sokuphakama esikufanele sifunde, kubhekana nezinkinga zokusetshenziswa kwemifula, ukubheka kwezinhlelo zokulinda umhlaba, nokugcina amakhemikhali apho kuzobhekwa ukuthi kubhekwe ngokwesibhakabhaka. Ukubhala ngaphambi kokuba kubhekwe ngokwesibhakabhaka kunciphisa isibopho sokuthi kungabhekwa ngokwesibhakabhaka. Ukubhalwa kwezindawo kubhala indawo yokusebenza yezinkambu ngokuphakamisa kwezindawo zokuhlala ukukhathazeka ngokwesibhakabhaka. Ukubhalwa kwezinto lezi ngaphambi kwezinye kunciphisa isibopho sokuthi kungabhekwa ngokwesibhakabhaka.
Ukubheka Kwemithombo Ngaphambi Kokukhetha Izithombe
Ukuplanisha Kwezinkambu Zokugcina Kubhekisa ukubheka emlabathini njengokuthi kuyinto ephumelela ngaphambi kokukhetha izithombe. Ukukhetha izinkambu kusuka kwezincwadi ngaphandle kokubona imithombo yamanzi yisibopho esingasemthwakweni. Le ndlela iyanciphisa imali yekhanda nokunciphisa ukukhetha okungafanele.
Ukunquma Ne-Ukubheka Emalabathini
Ukuthembela kwezinto ezithile kuzo zonke izindawo zokugcina kungavumeli ukuthi kubhekwe ngokwesibindi xa kufakwa ekusebenzeni. Amalabho akhokha ubukhulu bokuphatha kwemithombo kusuka kusuka kwe-Mohs scale, ubukhulu bokusila, ubukhulu bekhalimane, nokubala kwezinkambu zokuphatha. Lezi zinombolo ziyagcina ubude bokuphatha, ukukhetha kwezincamango zokuphatha, nokubala kwezinto zokuphatha okuzoyikhipha. Umthwalo wokugcina owenziwe ngokwengculi nesila ephakeme kuyakhipha amaphepha okuphatha kusho kakhulu kunomthwalo wokugcina wokwesilime, okuvumela ukuthi kubhekwe ngokwesibindi kuzo zonke izindawo zokusebenza. Amaphethini okuzama ayagcina ukuthi isikhundla sokufaka ne-isikhundla sokuhola siyakwenzeka ngokuthi sifunde isikhundla sokuphatha, okuyisikhundla sokuphatha esingasiza ukuthi sibone isikhundla sokuphatha. Abathembisi bafunda lezi zinombolo ukuze bahlalele umgqa wokusebenza wonke, kodwa akasizi ukuthi bafunde isikhundla sokuphatha, okuyisikhundla sokuphatha esingasiza ukuthi sibone isikhundla sokuphatha.
Ukuchazela Ubukhulu Bokuphatha Kwesithili Nokuthi Kuphi Ukuphatha
Izinkulungwane eziningi njengokwekwa ziyafanele kuzisa izinkulungwane zokuphuma noma izinkulungwane zokugqibela emva kokubala okokuqala, ngakho-ke izinkulungwane eziningi njengokwekwa ziyasebenza kahle ngokwezinkulungwane zokuphuma kakhulu ngomlando wokugcina. Ukubeka kwendawo yokuphuma nokubeka kwendawo yokuphuma kufanele kuhambisane nezizigaba zokufaka nokuphakama kokusebenza. Umshayeli wokuphuma uyabagcina izinkulungwane ngokususa amasiko okufaka nokubala umkhakha; umshayeli wokuphuma uyahlola amasiko okuthengiswa ngokuhambisana nezizigaba zokuphuma. Ukukhetha izinkulungwane ezingafanele kuyavutha ukusebenza kwe-motor futhi kuyaphula isikhathi sokusebenza kwamaparts okusebenza. Ukuphakanyiswa kwezinkulungwane kuyakhipha izici zezinkulungwane ukuze kwenziwe uhlu lwamashini olunamandla. Ukukhetha kahle kuyasinda isikhombiso sokuthengiswa futhi kuyaphula ukusebenza kwemshayeli wokuphuma.
Ukuplanisha Ukukhula Ngamaphasi
Ukubeka Ukuphakama Ngamaphasi
Ukuqondisa ukuthi kufanele kwenziwe imithombo yokuqhubeka kwezindawo zokugcina amathambo kusiza ukuthi abaphathi bakhethwe ngamathoni ngamahora ukuhlanganisa nokuthi kuyisilinganiso esitholakala, kodwa akafanele bakhubaze konke ngokufanekayo. Umphakathi wokuqala ungathola amathoni angu-250 ngamahora ukuze asebenze nendawo yomphakathi wokuzisa, futhi kuhlanganise ku-600 amathoni ngamahora njengoba izicontract zihlanganisa. Ngisho noma yimiphakathi engu-1 inqamuka yayo yokuqhubeka, umkhakha wokuhlola, nokuphakama kwesitsha sokugcina. Lokhu kunciphisa ukuthenga kwakwesibini kanye nokuthuthukisa ukubuyela emva kokuthenga ngokungaqondi ukuthenga. Abaqondisi baya kubhekisa ukuthi bakhulise amasiko nezindawo zokugcina ngokwesilinganiso sesiqhelo nakuba bheka kancane kusasa, ukuze bangavuleki ukuthatha isikhundla ngokushesha kusasa.
Ukuqondisa ukuthi kufanele kwenziwe ngokwesibonelo sokuhlanganisa
Ukubhala ngokwezindima kusiza ukuthi izindawo ezilandelayo zihlanganiswe nendawo yokuqala yokugcina ngokuphelele kungahleli kufanele kuhloleke. Amathuba okukhokha amasithili akhiwe ngaphandle kwebhuloko ayisiza ukunciphisa isikhathi sokufaka nokusebenza ngaphezu kwezindlela zokubhala ngaphakathi kwesithili. Ukubhala ngaphakathi kwesithili kuyadinga isikhathi eside nokusebenza kakhulu emazweni angafani noma angasebenzi. Isibonelo sokwesibonelo sibonisa ubukhulu: indawo yase-Timor-Leste yezindawo zokugcina izinkolo zasegranite (50–500 TPH) yasezindima yasezindawo zokukhokha ngaphandle kwebhuloko kunye nokufaka ngaphansi kwesithili, ibona ukuthi isikhathi sokufaka sifana nesikhathi sokubhala ngaphakathi kwesithili ngokuphelele ngokuphela 50 percent futhi ukusebenza kufana nokubhala ngaphakathi kwesithili ngokuphelele ngokuphela 40 percent. Indawo yadlula kusukela ekufakweni kwamabhokisi kuya kuzokuphatha ngokushesha, kubhekisa isikhathi sokubuyela kwezimali yomphathi. Lezi zimbono zibonisa ukuthi ukuplanisha ngokujabulisayo ukuthi indawo iyakwenzeka kuyinto ebalulekile kwezindlela zokuplanisha indawo yokugcina izinkolo.
Amasimo, Ukuvumela, Nokulawula Umkhondo
Ubuciko, Umgangatho Wemvula, Nokushesha Kwemvula
Ukuqondisa ukuthi i-Project Planning ye-Stone Crusher kufanele ibe yisibonelo sokuzimisela ukuzimisela ukuzimisela kusukela nge- day one, akalifanele kube yisibonelo sokuzimisela ngemuva kwekuphatha. Ukuvikela abasebenzi kufanele kubhekisele ku-OSHA guidance ngokuvikela nokufinyelela, nakho amaguard amashini kufanele kubhekisele ku-ANSI standards. Izinhlangano zokuvikela ukudla kunciphisa ukuthi kubhekiselwe kumzimba nokuzimisela izinkinga zokuphefumula kuma-NFPA lapho kusebenziswa isithuthi esincane nemnandi. Ukuvikela ukuthi kubhekiselwe kumzimba ngaphakathi kwesikhulu sokuvikela kuvikela izindlu eziphakathi kanye nokuzimisela izindleko zokuzimisela kwezindawo. ISO 9001 yokuvikela ubuchwepheshe kuvikela ukuthi kubhekiselwe kumthwalo wokwenza nokuvikela izirekhodi. Ukuzimisela izistandadi njengezinto ozizimisela kumthwalo kuvikela ukuthi kungavaliwe nokuthi kungavaliwe ngemuva kokuvikela.
Ukuqondisa ukuthi kuvikela nokuvikela ukuthi kuvikela
Ukuqinisekisa kubonisa ukuthi umgqa wokuproducwa uyafikile emthwakathini wokudesigna ngokupheleleyo ngaphambi kokukhokhwa. Isibalo esihle sijabula isikhombisa sesikhombisa, isithelo sokuhambisa, nokugcina ngokulayisha ngokupheleleyo. Ukuplaniswa kwemisebenzi yokulungisa kwenza isibalo sezinto ezifanele ukuzilungisa nezinto zokugcina ngokupheleleyo ngokuphatha kwezinto zokugcina, ekhuluma izindlela zokusebenza. Izinhlelo zokuphathelana ngokomlando ziyasebenzisa ukubuka ngaphandle kwezindawo zokusebenza kwezimoto nezivibrasi, ekhuluma izinkinga ngaphambi kokufa. Ukukhokhwa kwe-EPC kusuka kumunye umsinda njenge-Zhongyu Dingli kuyasinda ukudesigna, ukufaka, nokulandela ngaphansi kwesiqondiso esisodwa, okuyahlula indlela kusukela ku-Plan ku-Profits. Ukubuka ngokupheleleyo kwezinto zokugcina kuyasinda umgqa ukuba usebenze ngeminyaka yezinkampani.
Isifinyezo
Ukuphumelela kweminyaka yokuqala kuyiphakamisa ukuziphatha kunezinto ezinye ngokwesibonelo. Ukuplanisha i-Projekthi Yokugcina Amathanga iyaphakamisa ukuthini kwezifundo zokubalwa, ukusondela kwesithuthu, ukuzivikela kwezinto, nokufaka amakhadi okuphakama phambi kokukhetha izinkampani, futhi ngakho-ke isikhombisa sokugcina amathanga esikhethwe siyafanana nezinkampani zokugcina, isidingo sasezinsukwini, nesizinda sezinsukwini. Abasemthwakweni abafolile lokhu kucabanga kunciphisa ukuthenga izinkampani, kubhala ukubuyisela emthwakweni, kanye nokuvikela ukuthi kungabi nesikhundla sokubuyisa kwezinkampani okunokuthintela imali enkulu.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa
Umbuzo
Ukuthini okufanayo nokubalwa kwezifundo zokubalwa kwezinkampani zokugcina amathanga eziphakade?
Impendulo: Ukubalwa kwezifundo kufunda ubukhulu bekuthi kwezinkampani, isidingo sokuthenga izinkampani zokugcina amathanga, isidingo sokuthenga izinkampani zokugcina amathanga, ukufika kwezinsukwini, ukuthenga amandla nezilwane, nokuthatha isikhathi sokubhalwa kwezincwadi zokuvumela. Kuyaphakamisa futhi ukuthenga kwezinkampani kanye nokuthatha isikhathi sokubuyisela emthwakweni ukuze abasemthwakweni nababulawo bafanele ngokubalwa kwezifundo. Ukubalwa kwezifundo kubhekisa ukuthi umkhondo wokuproducera uyisisekelo phambi kokuthenga izinkampani, futhi kunciphisa isibopho sokubuyisela kwezifundo kanye nokuthinta imali.
Umbuzo
Kungani kufuneka kwenza ukuzivisisha kwemithambo kabefore ukukhetha isikhombisa?
Impendulo: Ukuzivisisha kwemithambo kubala ubukhulu bokuphakama kwe-Mohs, ukulingana kwe-silica, umthelela wamanzi, nokuvumela kwe-erosion. Lezi ziqiniso zizodlala indlela yokugcina isikhombisa, ukukhetha izinkothamo zokugcina, nokubhalisa isibonelo sokugcina. Ukungazivisisha kuyadlala isikhombisa lisobala kakhulu noma lingafiki kuphela ukuthi kusenziwa ngokuphelele. Ukuzivisisha kuhlinzeka ukuthi imithambo ihlinzekwe kuze kubhekwe kubizo lomkhombisa olwenzelwe ngokuphelele kubizo lwesikhombisa lokugcina nezinhlobo zokugcina.
Umbuzo
Kungani kufuneka kubhalwe isibonelo sokukhula kwezindawo zokuthengiswa?
Impendulo: Ukubhalwa kwezibonelo zokukhula kubhekana ngokuphelele nokuthengiswa okutholakalayo. Qala ngokusebenzisa isikhombisa esincane njenge-250 TPH, emva koko ukuhlela kuma-600 TPH njengoba izicontract zihlela. Bhalisa izifunda nezinhlobo zokugcina ngokuphelele kubizo lwesikhombisa lokugcina ukuze usingeke uthintele ukuthintela. Isimo sokubhalwa ngokuphelele sivumela ukuthi iziphase ezilandelayo ziyabhalwa ngokuphelele ngokungafanisi ukuthintela, kubhekana ngokuphelele kubizo lwesikhombisa lokugcina.
Umbuzo
Izistandadi zezwe zokuthi zingaphi eziphatha isikhombisa ngokuphelele kwezindawo?
Impendulo: Ubukhulu bokusebenza kubhekana nezindlela zokuqonda zika-OSHA ngokugcina nokufikelela, ngakho-ke izikhumba zemishini zihambisana nezindlela zokuqonda zika-ANSI. Ukuphatha ukuphutha kubhekana nezinkinga zokuphutha kwe-NFPA lapho kusetyenziswa isithuthi esinye sokushisa, futhi i-ISO 9001 isivumela ukuthi izibhalo zokwenza nokuvumela zibe yisibonelo sokubaluleka. Izimitshela zokuphatha izinto zokuphutha zezindawo zokushisa zihambisana nezimitshela zokuphatha izinto zezindawo zokuphutha. Ukufaka lezi zindlela zokuqonda kusikriningi kusivumela ukungafanele kusuka kusikriningi.
Umbuzo
Ingaba ukuchaza kwesikriningi sokushisa isithuthi singathinta ukuthengiswa kwemisebenzi?
Impendulo: Yebo. Ukuthenga izinkampani kabefore ukuzama isithuthi noma ukubheka indawo yisikhundla singasiza ku-ukuthenga isithuthi esingafanele, ukuthenga amandla angaphezulu, nokuthenga izinkampani ezinhliziyo kakhulu. Isikhundla esikhulu kakhulu sithwala amandla angaphezulu; isikhundla esincane kakhulu singabona ukuthenga izinkampani. Ukuthenga okuhle kwezifundo zokubaluleka, ukubheka indawo, ukuzama isithuthi, nokuthenga ngamaphasi ayisibonelo sokuthenga okuhle kanye nokuthenga okuncane.