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Isimo sokubeka isitolo sokugquba amaphiko: Ukuvuselela umsindo wemithombo nokusebenza kwezindawo
Ukwenza ukuprosesa amathambo ngokuphelele kuyaphendula kakhulu ekutheni sibhala isikhundla ngokuphelele. Uma sibhala izindawo ezahlukeneyo zokufaka amathambo, ukubhisha, ukusikha, nokugcina iprodukthi ema-ndeni, sithintisa indlela okufanele kuzoyika phakathi kwe-30% kuya kwe-50% ngokulinganisa noma kungakanani ukuthi sifaka konke ngokushesha. Isikhundla sokusebenza sisheshela ngoba kunezinto ezingafanele ukuthi zihambisane kabili, okuthabatha imali yemoto futhi sithola iziphumo eziningi ngisikhathi esincane. Ukufaka umkhulu wokubhisha nomkhulu wokufaka amathambo kahle kuyathintisa isikhathi sokuhamba kwemoto. Uma sibandlukanisa ukusikha nezindawo zokugcina amathambo, amathambo ayakwana ngqo kuma-conveyor ngaphandle kokuthi kufuneka kwenziwe izinyathelo eziningi zokusebenzisa.
Ukubhala Kwesikhundla Ngokwezindawo: Ukufaka, Ukubhisha, Ukusikha, nokugcina
Ukubeka izinyathelo ezahlukeneyo zokusebenza emazini amahlukeneyo kuyenza ukuthi konke kusebenza ngokushesha futhi kuncima ukugcina kwezinyathelo eziphakathi phakathi kwezinkambo zokusebenza. I-Unit yokuphatha okuphambili kufanele ibe ngezinsuku zokufika kwezinto ukuze ikwazi ukuprosesa izinto ezingaphansi ngokushesha. Izikhulukana zesibili nezithathu zokuphatha zisebenza ngokushesha uma zibekwa njengoba ubukhali buyabulawa ukuthi izinto zihambisane ngokuzenzakalelayo. Uma kubekwa izincwadi zokuhlanganisa, kufanele zihambisane ngokuphelele nokuphakama kwemithombo yezinto ephathwe ngokuphatha, ngakho-ke izincwadi zokuhambisa zizocwabela ngokuphelele. Kuma-stocks piles, ukubeka kuzo ngokuphelele kusiza i-radial stackers ukwenza umsebenzi wabo ngokushesha futhi kusiza ama-loader ukufinyelela ngokushesha. Okumangalisayo kakhulu, lokhu kufanele akucinde kuthi kusenqaba yokuqala yelinyathelo yeproduksheni.
| Indlela Yokubeka | Umbala Wokuhamba Kwemithombo | Ukuvutha Kwemithombo | Ukufinyelela ukulondoloza |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ukubeka Ngemizini | ukuncima kwe-30–50% | ukuvutha kwe-15–25% | Izindlela Zokusebenza Ezihlukene |
| Ukuvula Ngokulineyile | Ukuncima Okuphezulu | ukuthuthukiswa kwe-5–10% | Ukufinyelela kwezinyanga ezincinci |
| Isivumelwano sasekhaya | Akasemiselwe | Akukho phakade lokuthuthukiswa | Ukufinyelela kususwe |
Izindlela zokuphuma kwezinkulu zokugcina zinconywa ngamandla ngokusebenza kwezinkulu zokugcina ezincane, nezindlela zokubeka izikhundla zokulawula ngaphakathi ukubona.
Ukuvikela izimpilo: Izinkamba zokuhambisa, Ukulungiswa kwezihluzi, nokufinyelela kwezilungiselelo zokulungisa
Kodwa uma izindawo zokuthintana zihlukile ngaphezulu kwezinkulungwane eziyisithupha, izinto ziyakwazi ukubuyela emuva nokusula, okusho ukuthi abasebenzi baya kufuna ukusebenza kakhulu ekuchazweni. Ukugcina amaphetha ngaphezulu kwesikhundla esingaphezulu kwezinkulungwane eziyisithathu kusobala ukuthi amaphetha asingeke akhishwe kusobala, okunokunciphisa ukuthi kuzokhishwa ngokungafanele ngeminyaka engamashumi amane ngokwesibonelo sasithola. Abasebenzi bakugcina kufanele bane inkinga yezinguquko zonke ezikwiqembu elikhulu lekukhishwa nokuhlanganisa izinto. Izirhabhodi zasezindustria zibonisa ukuthi ukunika isikhundla esifanele ngaphezulu kwezi ziqembu zinokunciphisa isikhathi sokugcina ngeminyaka engamashumi amabili. Kanti ungakhohlwa ukuthi abasebenzi baya kuhamba lapho bavumela izinto. Ukufaka amaphetha emaphetheni aphakathi kwezindawo eziphakeme ngezindlela ezifanele nokuthi kuneziququ zokuphambuka phezulu kuzoba yinkimbinkimbi yokuvumela izinto ngokuphelele kubantu bonke.
Ukuhlanza Kwesivathelwano Sokukhishwa Kwemithombo: Ukubizana Kwemithombo Nokufinyelela Kwemisebenzi Yokuqala
Ukubizana Kwesivathelwano Ngokuphakeme Kwezinqambu Zokuqala, Zokwesibili, Nezokuthathu Zokukhishwa
Ukuthola ukusebenza okuphelele kwezindlela zokugqibela kuzokubaluleka ukulandela isimo sokusebenza kwenzuzo yezindlela zokugqibela ngokukhetha ngokuchanekile izinkampani ezihlukahlukene. Isinye sokuqala kusobala kubizwa ngokuthi izinkampani zokugqibela noma izinkampani zokugqibela zokwakha, zoba yezinkampani ezisemaphakathini ezinokugqibela ukuthintana kwezindawo. Lezi zinkampani zokugqibela zokwakha ziyakufuna ukuba zibe zingaphezu kwezindawo ngokuphelele ngokuphelele kwe-10 ku-15 percent ngokulinganisa nokuthi isikhumbuzi sifuna ukuthintana ngokuphelele. Lokhu kubiza ukuthi kubhekisele kwezindawo zokuthintana ezinokubhekisa ngokuphelele. Lokhu okuyodwa kubaluleka kakhulu. Izinkampani zokugqibela zokwakha zokwesibili zithola ukuthintana kwezinkampani zokugqibela zokwakha futhi ziyakufuna ukuba zilandelane ngokuphelele ngokusebenza nokubeka kwesikhumba. Ngakho-ke kuzoba kunezinkinga zokugqibela kwezindawo zokuthintana. Izingxenye zokugqibela zokwesibili zisebenza ngokuphelele kwe-85 ku-90 percent ngokulinganisa nokuthi izinkampani zokugqibela zokwakha zisebenza ngokuphelele. Kwezindawo zokugqibela zokugqibela, izinkampani zokugqibela noma izinkampani zokugqibela zokugqibela zokugqibela ziyakwenza lokhu. Zibekwe ngokuphelele ukuthintana nezindawo ezinokubhekisa ngokuphelele emaphakathini ekhona kwezindawo zokugqibela zokugqibela zokugqibela. Futhi masibhekelele lezindawo zokugqibela zokugqibela zokugqibela. Uma ukuthintana akahambisi ngokuphelele kwezinkampani zokugqibela zokugqibela, ikakhulu phakathi kwezinkampani zokugqibela zokwakha noma zokugqibela zokwesibili lapho izinhlobo zokugqibela zokugqibela ziyakubhekisa ngokuphelele, isikhumbuzi singasiphula ngokuphelele kwe-30 percent ngokulinganisa nokuthi isikhumbuzi sifuna ukuthintana ngokuphelele.
Ukuvuselela Kuphakanyiswa Kwesilinganiso Sokugcina Nokuhlanza Kwesilinganiso Sokufaka Ukufuna Ukuthola Isiphumo Esiphezulu
Ukuthola izigaba zokugcina ngokupheleleyo kuzo zonke izinyathelo zokugcina kubalulekile kakhulu ekuboneni ukuthi kufundwa kanjani umkhakha wokugcina ngokupheleleyo. Izicrusher zezibuko zikhuluma ngokupheleleyo ngezigaba zokugcina phakathi kwe-4:1 kunye ne-8:1 ngoba lokhu kusiza ekugcineni umkhakha owudingekayo ukuba wabuyele emuva futhi. Izicrusher zezibuko zezibuko zikhuluma ngokupheleleyo ngezigaba zokugcina phakathi kwe-3:1 kunye ne-6:1 okunika izihlangothi eziningi zokugcina ezinamandla kumsebenzi wokugcina ngemuva. Ukubeka umkhakha owafika ngokupheleleyo ngokulinganiswe kubalulekile kakhulu ngoba lapha kunezinkomo ezingaphezu kwezilinganiso ezifika kusistimu, kungase kubhekise isistimu futhi kungase kuhlanza ukuphatha kwesicrusher sokugcina ngokupheleleyo phakathi kwe-20% kunye ne-40%. Lokhu kuyisizinda sokuthi amandla amaningi ayasetshenziswa ukufaka i-vibrating grizzlies noma i-scalping screens ngaphambi kokuthi isicrusher sezibuko sasemsebenza. Lezi zixhobo zihlanganisa lezi zinkomo ezingaphansi ukuze isiqu sesiqu sisebenze kuphela ngalo lo mlando wakho. Kwezindawo ezingaphezu kwe-200 ku-500 amathoni ngohora, ukuthi umkhakha wokufaka ubalulekile kakhulu ukuthi abasebenzi bangafuni ukuguqula izilungiselelo zabo ngokupheleleyo, okuhlinza ukuthi ukuprodukha kubaleka ngokupheleleyo. Lapha konke kusebenza ngokupheleleyo njengalokhu, amaphoyinti abona ukuphanda okupheleleyo ngohora futhi bavala imali yokuqhubeka kwe-energy ngokupheleleyo phakathi kwe-15% kunye ne-25% ngamathoni okugcinwa.
Ukubhalwa Kwesikhombisa Sokugqibela Ngokuthintana Ukusebenza Kakhulu Nokubaluleka
Ukubakha indawo yokugcina kuthetha ukuthi kufuneka kubakheke izikhungo zokugcina ezintathu (ezokuqala, ezombili, nezintatu) ukuze zisebenze ngokuhambisana nezikhungo zokuhlola nokuthumela, futhi konke kube yilapho kulapho ngokuphelele ngaphandle kokuba kubhekwe. Uma sibhala izikhungo zokugcina ngokuphelele, zisebenza ngamandla angaphelele kakhulu futhi iziqephu zazo azizwa ukuthi zihlukile kakhulu. Lokhu kucacisa okuncane kungabiza ubungakanani obungama-20 ku-30% emisebenzini yekugcina amathambo amakhulu. Izikhungo zokuhlola zisebenza kahle kakhulu futhi, ziyafika kunezinkulungwane eziyisigaba esingu-90% sokusebenza, okuyisula ukuthi kuzoba kubhekwa kancane umfanekiso othunyelwa kabusha ukususwa. Lamanje amasethingi akhethekile asezingeni eliphelele ayinamandla okuvumela ukuthi amandla ayishintshwe ngokuzenzakalelayo futhi ukuthi izikhungo zokugcina zishintshwe ngokuzenzakalelayo ngokuchaza ukuthi kuthi kanjani ukusebenza kwamandla nokuthi umfanekiso uyisigaba esingaphansi noma esiphansi. Lokhu wonke lokuhambisana phakathi kwezikhungo nezinhlelo zokusebenza zokubhala kusiza amasethingi ukusebenza ngokuphelele kuma-200 ku-500 amathambo ngohora ngaphandle kokuthi kubhekwe kancane ukuthi kuzobhekwa ngokungafanele. Ukuplanisha kahle izindlela zokuthumela futhi ukuthi kubekwe izindawo zokuzivula zokuzivula zokuzivula kule ndawo okufuneka kubekwe kusiza kakhulu, ngoba abasebenzi bafuna ukuzivula izinkinga ngokuthe ngokushesha ngaphandle kokuthi kubhekwe ukuthi kuzobhekwa konke ukusebenza.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa
1. Kungani ubukhulu buhambisana kakhulu ekhaya lokugcina amaphakathi? Ukubeka isikhundla sokugcina amaphakathi ngamazone amathile okufaka, ukugcina, ukubhekisa nokugcina kusiza kakhulu ukunciphisa izindawo zokuhambisa izinto, futhi kusiza ukunciphisa isikhathi nesifuel. Ubukhulu obuhle bukhulisa ukuthi izinto zihambise kahle futhi kunciphisa izindlela zokusebenza.
2. Ubukhulu obubase kuzo izone kusiza kanjani ekusebenzeni kwesikhundla? Ubukhulu obubase kuzo izone kunciphisa ukuthi izinto zihambise ngokwezinye futhi kubandakanya izindlela zokusebenza, kusiza ukuthi izinto zihambise ngokuphelele kusukela ekugcineni ku- depot. Lokhu kunciphisa ukuphambana kwamaphakathi, kunciphisa izindlela zokusebenza, futhi kunciphisa ukuthi kubekhona izinkinga zokuhambisa.
3. Ukuqondwa kwezimali kusiza kanjani ekusebenzeni kwesikhundla sokugcina? Ukuqondwa kwezimali kusiza ukuthi izimboni zingasibonakalisiwe noma zingasibonakalisiwe kahle, kusiza ukuthi izinto zihambise ngokuphelele ngamaphakathi ahlukeneyo. Ngisho noma yiliphi iphasi, kufanele libe nezimali ezifanayo ukuze kungabekho izinkinga zokuhambisa futhi ukuthi izinto zihambise ngokuphelele.
4. Ubukhulu bokucindezela ukuthi izinto zihambise ngokuphelele kusiza kanjani? Ukuhlela izigaba zokuphakanyiswa ngalunye isikhathi sokusebenzisa kusiza ukuthi kubhekwe ngokuphelele nokufomela kwezinto, kusiza ekusebenzeni ngokulinganayo. Izigaba ezihle zisiza ukungakhathali indawo yekhasimende futhi ukugcina ukuthi okuholela kuyisilinganiso.