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Ukuhlanganisa i-EPC esikhathini sesi-5 sokuthi umthambo wokuproducwa kwezinto eziyodlula: izikhathi zokubhalwa, izikhathi zokuthenga, nokuvulwa kwemithambo.
Ukubuyisa indawo engeziwe yokugquba nokuhlanza kwezinto eziyodlula kufuna ukubambisana kwezindlela zokubeka amasiko, ukufaka amakhilogramu amaningi emisebenzi yamakhilogramu, nokusebenzisa izinkampani zokusebenza ngokwesibonelo. Kukuphatha umthambo wokuphatha, ukuthenga, nokubeka njengamaphasi angaphelele ayisibonelo sokubambisana, kukho okunye kwezinkinga ezinkulu zokuphula imali nezikhathi zokuvula.
Kusukela kwezindlela zokusebenza kwezindawo zokubusa kwezindawo zokubuyisa nokubuyisa kwezindawo ezingenakho, leli gida lihlukanisa izikhathi zokusebenza kwezinto, izinkinga zokuthenga ezinkulu, nokuvulwa kwemithambo kwezindawo zokusebenza ukuze kubuyiswe umthambo wokuproducwa kwezinto eziyodlula ngokwesikhathi.
Amaphasi amahlanu athembekile we-EPC yomthambo wokuproducwa kwezinto eziyodlula
Umsebenzi wokusebenzisa i-EPC ngokuthula ubuyisela ngalinye lezindlela njengomkhakha wokugcina, apho iziphakamiso zokukhokha kuzokuvikela izikhathi zokufaka isithuthi esizayo.
Isikhathi 1: Ukubhekisa kwezinkulungwane nokubona ukuthi kusenziwa ngokuphelele
Konke kususwa kusampulu yemithi yasezulwini. Ukubhalula ubukhulu bakho bokugcina, indiza yokugcina, nokulinganisa ukuthi kunezimithi zokugcina kubonakala ukuthi kufuneka usebenzise isikhathi sesibili sokugcina nesikhathi sesithathu sokugcina ngokusebenzisa i-jaw, i-cone, ne-vertical shaft impactor noma isikhathi sesibili sokugcina ngokusebenzisa i-jaw ne-impactor. Ukubona ukuthi kusenziwa ngokuphelele kufuneka kwenziwe izibalo zokubalwa kwamakhanda, izivululo zokubhala nokubhala amasampulu, nokulinganisa ukuthi kunezimithi zokugcina phambi kokubhala isithuthi sokuqala sesithuthi.
Isikhathi 2: Ukukhokha Ngokujulile Ukukhula Ukubhekisa Kwesifundazwe
Ukubhalwa kwezindlela zokusebenza kubuyisela izithombe zokufakwa kwezinto eziyenzelwayo. Le yindlela ibala amafunda ayo okukhula nokuphambuka kwezindawo zokuhlanza nezinkampani ezikhulu zokuhlanza ukuze kuvikeke ukuphambuka kwemibuzo. Kuyabhalwa futhi ukubonisa ukuthi izindawo zokugcina ziyaphambuka njani nezindlela zokugcina izindawo zokugcina ukuze kuvikeke ukuthi izindawo ziyagcina, ngokujulile ukubhalwa kwezindlela zokuthumela amandla, izindawo zokuphatha amandla, nezindlela zokuthumela amandla ngokuthintana. Ukugcina ukubhalwa kwezindawo zokusebenza kuqala kuyavikela ukubhalwa kwezindawo zokubhala ukususa izinguquko eziningi zokubhala kwezindawo zokubhala.
Isigaba 3: Ukuphatha Okuphelele Kwesifundo Sokuthenga
Ukuthenga akuyiyo kuphela ukuthumela izibhali zokuthenga, kodwa kuyisisekelo sokuthenga ngokwemithombo. Izinto eziningi zokuthenga ezinamandla amaningi njengezindawo zokuthenga ezinamandla amaningi zokuthenga kwezindawo zokuthenga, izindawo zokuthenga zokuthenga kwezindawo zokuthenga, izindawo zokuthenga zokuthenga kwezindawo zokuthenga, nezindawo zokuthenga zokuthenga kwezindawo zokuthenga ziyathumelwa ngokuthi ziyabhalwa kwezindawo zokubhala zokuthenga.
Ukuphakanyiswa kwe-Stage 4 nokuphakanyiswa kwezinto zokugcina ngokuvuselela ukuthi izinto zokugcina ziyaphakanyiswa ngokuvuselela
Izisebenzi zasekhaya ziqala ngokufaka amandla amakhulu weconcrete kubhukhulwane bakhiyela okuphakathi nokubhukhulwane bakhiyela okwesibili. Uma i-concrete ifika ekuphakatheni kwakho kwe-28 days noma ikhupha kude kwe-70 percent ngokuthi kuboniswa ngokusebenzisa i-rebound hammer ukusiza kwezinye izinto, kuyaqalwa ukulungiselela izinto zokusebenza ngokufaka i-chassis, ukulungiselela amasosha we-conveyor, ukulayisha i-belt, nokubhala amacable ayelektiriki.
Ukugcina kwe-Stage 5: Ukuvula kwezinhloso nokubonisa ukuthi kusebenza kangakanani
Ukuhambisa kuzokwenzwa ngokuphatha kwezinhloso. Ukugcina okungafani nokuqondisa umsebenzi (cold commissioning) kungabikho umsebenzi wokufaka umnqophiso, kuyasiza ukubona ukuthi imotora iyasebenza ngendlela eyodwa, ukubonisa izithombe zokugcina we-conveyor, ukubheka izisensor zokungasebenzi (zero speed sensors), nokuzama izilungiselelo zokuphatha kwe-PLC. Ukugcina okunqamuka ngokufaka umnqophiso (hot commissioning) kuyasiza ukufaka umnqophiso wokufaqa ngokuphakathi kwe-25 percent, 50 percent, 75 percent, kanye ne-100 percent ukulungiselela izinkambo zokugcina kwe-closed side, ukubheka ukuthi imotora iyasebenza ngendlela eyodwa, ukulungiselela izinqamuzana zokubuyela kweprodukthi, nokubonisa ukuthi isiphumo sokugcina sifanana nokuthi kubhekwe kwe-ASTM C33.
Amathuba Okuphambana Kwemithambo Yokuthenga Nokugcinwa Kwemithambo Yendawo
Umgubho Wephepha Lokugcina Kwesikhathi Kuyisibonelo Sokuthenga Kwemithambo Nokugcinwa Kwesikhathi Sendawo.
Imibhalo Yokuthenga Yezindawo Eziningi
Ukwenza imishini yokuqhubeka kwezinkulu kufuneka ukuthi kubhekwe ubukhulu bokuthenga, ukuthenga ngokwesibonelo, nokuthenga ngokwesibonelo. Imishini yokuqhubeka kwezinkulu ezingaphezulu kwe-1000 ngamashumi ayisithupha ngu-1200 mm ziyafuna izinsuku ezingu-16 ukuze ze-24 ngokwesibonelo sokuthenga kwesibonelo, izikhumba zokuthenga ngokwesibonelo, nokuthenga ngokwesibonelo kwezikhumba zokuthenga ngokwesibonelo. Imishini yokuqhubeka kwezinkulu zokuzisa nezinkulu zokugcina ziyafuna izinsuku ezingu-18 ukuze ze-26, zihlaziywa ngamaphakathi okuthenga ngokwesibonelo, amaphakathi okuthenga ngokwesibonelo, nokuthenga ngokwesibonelo kwezinkulu zokuthenga ngokwesibonelo. Imishini yokuhlela izinkumbu eziningi ziyafuna izinsuku ezingu-10 ukuze ze-16 kwezinkumbu zokuthenga ngokwesibonelo, izikhumba zokuthenga ngokwesibonelo, nokuthenga ngokwesibonelo kwezinkumbu zokuthenga ngokwesibonelo. Imishini yokuthenga ngokwesibonelo nezinkumbu zokuthenga ngokwesibonelo ziyafuna izinsuku ezingu-8 ukuze ze-14 kwezinkumbu zokuthenga ngokwesibonelo, izinkumbu zokuthenga ngokwesibonelo, nokuthenga ngokwesibonelo kwezinkumbu zokuthenga ngokwesibonelo. Izinkumbu zokuthenga ngokwesibonelo nezinkumbu zokuthenga ngokwesibonelo ziyafuna izinsuku ezingu-14 ukuze ze-20 kwezinkumbu zokuthenga ngokwesibonelo, izinkumbu zokuthenga ngokwesibonelo, izinkumbu zokuthenga ngokwesibonelo, nokuthenga ngokwesibonelo kwezinkumbu zokuthenga ngokwesibonelo. Ukuthenga izinkumbu zokuthenga ngokwesibonelo ezithengisiwe ngaphambi kokuthenga ngokwesibonelo noma izinkumbu zokuthenga ngokwesibonelo ezithengisiwe ngaphambi kokuthenga ngokwesibonelo ziyakunciphisa izinsuku zokuthenga ngokwesibonelo nezinsuku zokuthenga ngokwesibonelo emhlabeni ngamashumi ayisithupha ngu-3 ukuze ze-6 kulokho okuthengisiwe ngaphambi kokuthenga ngokwesibonelo.
Ukufinyelela Kwempilo Yokuqala Yokugcina Isikhundla Sasezulwini Nokuthola Kwemibuzo Yezinkundla Zokubhala
Ukuweza isikhundla sekhrashaya esiphakeme kumthambo wokuphakama kuyadinga ukubhala ngokujwayelekile nokusebenzisa i-hydraulic hammer, okongena eminyakeni eyi-3 uye ne-6 kulungiselelo lwesikhundla. Imithambo engavumelekile iyadinga ukuthenga kwezinkundla zokubhala noma ukuthenga kwesikhundla sokubhala ukuze kuvunyelwe ukuthinta kwezinkundla zokubhala ngokuthinta kwezinkundla zokubhala. Ukususa isikhundla sekhrashaya esiphakeme soku-40 uye ne-60 ton kwezindawo eziphakeme noma kwezindawo zokubhala kuyadinga ukuthenga kwezinkundla zokubhala, ukuthenga kwezinkundla zokubhala kwezindawo zokubhala, nokuthenga kwezinkundla zokubhala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izivinini zokubhala, izivinini zokubhala kwezindawo zokubhala, nezivinini zokubhala kwezindawo zokubhala ziyathatha iminyaka eyi-3 uye ne-9. Ukuthenga kwezinkundla zokubhala kwezindawo zokubhala nokuthenga kwezinkundla zokubhala kwezindawo zokubhala kuyasebenza ukuthenga kwezinkundla zokubhala kwezindawo zokubhala.
Ukufaka Nokuthenga Isikhundla Sokubhala Sokuthembekile
Ukwenza kwindawo kuyasebenza ngokujwayelekileyo kusuka ku-35% ukuze kube ku-45% wezikhathi zonke zokuphatha isixhobo. Ukulandela okuhle kungavimba izigaba zemoto nezibhizinisi zezilwanyana zokugqibela ukuzihlanganisa.
Ukugqibela Kwesikhathi Esijwayelekileyo Kwezinhloso Zokuphatha 200 Ukuze Kubhe 300 TPH
Ukufunda nokubhala kwezinkundla ziyakugcina izinsuku ezi-3 kuze nezi-5, kubhekana nokuphatha kwemithombo, ukubhala kwezinkundla zokugcina amasipho, ukulayisha i-anchor bolt cage, nokuhlanya kwemvelo yezinkundla eziningi. Ukulungisa nokufaka kwemikhili yezinto ziyakugcina izinsuku ezi-4 kuze nezi-6 ukufaka izinto ezingabi ngekhulu emapadini okukhupha ukuchitha kwezivuthelo, ukutheka i-anchor bolts zemikhili ngokwesibonelo sesingeni, ukulungisa izihlathi zezindlebe, ukusanda izihlathi zezindlebe ngokusebenzisa i-vulcanizing, nokufaka izihlathi zokugcina izinye zezinye. Ukubhala kwezinkundla zezinhloko nezokuhlela kuyakugcina izinsuku ezi-3 kuze nezi-5 ukuphatha izihlathi zokuhlela okuzihlukanayo, ukubhala izihlathi zokugcina izihlathi zokuvumela ukuthi izihlathi zezindlebe zizokuphatha izihlathi zezindlebe zokuphambuka, ukuphatha izihlathi zokuvumela ukuthi izihlathi zezindlebe zizokuphatha izihlathi zezindlebe zokuphambuka, nokwenza ukuphatha kwezihlathi zokuvumela ukuthi izihlathi zezindlebe zizokuphatha izihlathi zezindlebe zokuphambuka.
Ukuphatha Kuphela Ngokwesibonelo Noma Ukuphatha Ngokwesibonelo Sokuvumela
Emaphakathini amahhala okukhula, abasebenzi bakhathazeka ukuthi bakhulise ukufika kwezinto ngokuthi bafaka amasiko ngaphambi kokuthi izinto zokugcina zizakhiwe emhlabeni, noma bavalela amakhabelo okuphakama kokuvalela ngaphambi kokugcina ukuzakha kwezinto zokubamba. Isibonelo sesikhathi esihlukile sasho ukuthi lokhu kukhulisa kwenza ukusebenza kabusha kakhulu. Umphakathi wokubamba ongavaliwe ngokungafanele ngemithameteru eyisikhombisa-15 ungathintela ukufaka kwesikrasha sokuthi yisikhombisa-30 ngeminyaka yezinsuku. Indlela yokuqondisa yendustri iyasebenzisa izindaba zokujabula okuphelele. Okokuqala kukuthi kubhalwe ngokuphelele ukuthi isikhathi sokubambisana kwezinto zokuzakha kusobala ngokuphelele, futhi kubhalwe ukuthi izindlela nezinkundla zokubamba ziyavaliwe. Okwesibili kukuthi kubhalwe ngokuphelele ukuthi izinto zokudlula kuzakhiwe ngokuphelele ngaphambi kokufaka kwesikrasha. Okwesithathu kukuthi kuchazwe ukuthi amakhabelo ayisikhombisa-1000 ayakhululekile futhi ukuthi umoto uyadlula ngokuphelele ngaphambi kokubambisana kwezikhombisa zokudlula. Okwesine kukuthi kuchazwe ukuthi konke ukuchaza kwezikhombisa zokuhlwa kufakwa ngaphambi kokuthi izinto zokuzakha zifike emhlabeni.
Izikhathi zokubhala izikhathi zomkhakha
Isilayishini esisodwa sokuqala sokugcina izinkampani zokuphatha amasimu angu-200 kuya kuni-300 kuzoba nezinsuku ezingu-5 kuya kuni-7. Kulesikhathi, ukuthenga kwesigaba sokubhekisa ngokuchaza (4–6 izinyanga) kufanana nokuthenga kwemithombo (14–20 izinyanga). Ukulungisa kwesitayela sokugcina izinkampani (4–6 izinyanga) kufanana nokuthumela kwemithombo, emva koko kuyasekwe kanye nokukhetha isikhathi sokufaka kanye nokukhetha isikhathi sokuphatha ngamaphasi amaningi (8–10 izinyanga).
Isilayishini esihlanganisiwe noma esingasemoyile yokuphatha amasimu okwenzeka ngokusebenzisa i-digital twin kuzoba nezinsuku ezingu-3.5 kuya kuni-5. Amakhompyutha ayesikidi, amakhompyutha ayesikonteynaya, namathuba okukhetha amakhompyutha akhethwe ngaphansi kwesifundo ayenziwa ngaphansi kwesifundo kusindisa ukuthi kungabikho ukuthembeka kwezinto zokuphatha kwezinsitu ngokuphakeme kwe-60%. Ukuthola ukuthi kungabikho ukuthembeka kwezinto zokuphatha kwezinsitu ngaphambi kokufika kule sitayela kwenziwa ngaphansi kwesifundo sokubhekisa ngokuchaza (BIM).
Imibuzo yezincwadi zokuxhasa ngokwephepha le-EPC yokuphatha amasimu
Abathengi bavakashela ukuthi kungani ukuthembeka kwezinto zokuphatha kwezinsitu xa bakhetha izinsitu zokuphatha kwezinkampani?
Amacusha, amasikrini, kanye nezikhombisa zokuhlela zihlela izindawo zokubhala ngamandla amahlanu. Abafundi bokubhala kwezindawo zokubhala kufanele bavumile ukuthi ifrekhwensi yezindawo zokubhala kanye nezindawo zokubhala ziyisilinganiso sesibili kune-20% kuya kune-30% kude kune-frekhwensi yokusebenza kwesithili. Amadampara we-vibration e-elastomer emkhulu kanye nezikhombisa zokusheka zihlanganisiwe, kanye nezinkumbulo zokubhala ezinamandla amakhulu e-epoxy ezingakwazi ukushula zihlanganisiwe phansi kwemibhali yezindawo zokubhala ukuze zilindele amandla amahlanu ngokuphelele kubhlokhi yezindawo zokubhala eziqondile.
Iziphetho zokungafani kwezindawo zokubhala zingaphi ngokuvamile kumaqondo okunqula kanye nokunqula?
Ngokugcina ukusebenza kwezinto ezingaphansi kokushisa, iziphetho eziningi ziyiziphetho zokubuyela emuva kwemithambo yokuqondisa okanye amasikrini ngokubuyela emuva kwezinyathelo zokufaka, izikhundla zokubuyela kwemithambo yokuqondisa esingaphambi kwezinye, neziphetho zokungafani kwezikhundla zokuphulula ngokushesha. Ngokugcina ukusebenza kwezinto ezingaphansi kokunyusa, izinkinga eziphambili ziyagcina kuzoba yizindlela zokuphuma kwemithambo emaphakathi kwezinye, ukuchithwa kwemithambo ngokungafani kwezinye, ukuthwasa kwezinye ngokungafani kwezinye, ukuthwasa kwezinye ngokungafani kwezinye, nokukhala kwemithambo yokuqondisa ngokungafani kwezinye.
Kungani ukubala kwemithambo yokubaluleka kabusha ngaphambi kokuthenga izinto?
Umkhondo wokuphatha kwenza umkhondo ophakanyiswa. Uma umkhondo wokuphatha wesibili awakwazi ukuphatha umkhondo owahlukile ku-meshi yokuphatha okugcwele, izinto zihlukana, zibiza abasebenzisi ukuthi zivale amasethingi futhi zithintele ukuthi izinto zibe yizinhlobo zezinto ezikhona. Ukubala ubungakanani bokuphatha kwemithombo ngokuphathelene nokuthi kuyisiphi isimo sokuhlukwa nesimo sokuphatha kusiza ukuthi izikhundla, izimeshi nezibhelti zokuthumela zibhalwe ngokuthi zibe nemiphumela yezimali ezingafanele, okuhle kangangokuthi 15% ukuze 20% yezimali zokusebenza.